Mr Malloum, too, failed to end the war, and in 1979 he was replaced by a Libyan-backed northerner, Goukouki Oueddei.

BBC: Chad profile

The current kabaka's predecessor was driven into exile in 1966, when Milton Obote, a northerner and at that time the prime minister, ordered the army to attack his palace.

ECONOMIST: Uganda's biggest tribe calls for federalism and autonomy