However, the relationship between prices and GDP per head can be used to estimate the short-term fair value of a currency relative to others.

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Axa Rosenberg's model involves thousands of multivariate regression calculations, but it all boils down to the same thing that old-fashioned value investors are looking for: an estimate of fair value, which is then compared with current stock prices.

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Bayer trades 32% below its break-up value, only 21 times Julius Baer's estimate of 2001 earnings.

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The tool uses proprietary algorithms to estimate the value of your home based on assessors-office data about your house, median home prices in the area and recent sales of comparable homes nearby.

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Co-managed by Bruce Berkowitz, Larry Pitkowsky and Keith Trauner, this concentrated multi-cap value fund has succeeded by requiring a substantial discount to their estimate of intrinsic value.

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The plan calls for reforms in the country's value-added tax regime that would save industry 120 billion yuan, according to an estimate by the government.

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We estimate that tissues are the second largest product segment within Kimberly-Clark after baby care, and constitute 28% of our estimate stock value.

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Instead, mix models only grossly estimate this value with an externally derived factor of 2X the immediate effect for the longer-term effect.

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They have discussed using some of the money raised for a one-off payment to the state, representing the bank's estimate of the present value of its future profits up to 2014, when the special dividend is due to be scrapped.

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