转变之三：从垄断者到精明的被告
苹果是垄断者、抄袭者、行业霸王吗？
所以此时反垄断者们不得不介入。
但某些被管制的公司既非垄断者，也非污染者。
当根除垄断者的时候，光看美国市场不再有意义。
It no longer makes sense to look at the American market alone when rooting out monopolists.
这样垄断者的收入为pq而成本为c。
The monopoly earns the revenue pq and pays the cost c. This leads to the first order condition, for the profit-maximizing quantity qm.
当然，美国人并不是奇谈怪论的垄断者。
故徽州盐商不是垄断者。
更糟糕的是，还有推测外企将首当其冲，而非大垄断者。
Worse is a suspicion that rather than going after the big monopolies, the law’s initial targets will be foreign companies.
根据传统经济学的经验，垄断者应不惜重金搞科研。
Conventional economic wisdom holds that monopolies should spend heavily on research.
首先，老师现在已经不再是知识和智慧的垄断者了。
Firstly, nowadays, it is no longer true that teachers have a monopoly on knowledge and wisdom.
反垄断者认为问题不在于更多的竞争而在于过少的监管。
The antitrust response is to say the problem is not too much competition but too little regulation.
互联网的信息巨头们和过去的垄断者相比看上去有不同吗？
Do the technology monopolies surrounding the Internet look different than the past?
作为早期垄断者，和睦家在这个微型市场上有着先发优势。
As a monopoly, BJU enjoys first-mover advantage in this niche market.
即便是在最坏的情况下，你也只可以说微软是个时常忏悔的意外垄断者。
At worst, you can say it's a highly repentant, largely accidental monopolist.
“我对垄断者说不”代表人哈罗德·罗杰斯在支持修正案时说。
"To the czars I say, Nyet," Rep. Harold Rogers (R-Ky.) said in support of the amendment.
由于垄断者具有市场力量，垄断市场存在质量供给不足的问题。
There is a problem of shortage of quality supply in monopolistic markets because monopolists have market power.
或许，但是他们现在的生存只是因为垄断者没有把他们看做一个威胁。
Probably, but they currently survive only because the big boys don’t see them as a threat.
其约束性的分配系统因州立酒精垄断者的串通投票丑闻而备受关注。
Its restrictive distribution system is under the spotlight thanks to an ongoing bid-rigging scandal at the state-run alcohol monopoly.
就像二十世纪初反垄断者所做的那样，回天无力的银行一定要让它关门。
Too big to fail Banks must be broken up, just like the Trustbusters did in the early 20th Century.
不过，至少现在Google还不是垄断者，它只不过是自己所在行业的领头羊罢了。
But Google is not a monopolist-just a company that is, for the moment at least, ahead of its peers.
这些就是所谓讲究实际的人，他们是智慧的垄断者，是管理世界事务的聪明人。
These are the practical men, the monopolists of intelligence, the wise individuals who control the affairs of the world.
这口井的所有者对水的销售就有市场势力——在这种情况下，它是一个垄断者。
The owner the well has market power —in this case a monopoly —over the sale of water .
大多是的垄断者在开创了一个持续数十年或者更长的辉煌时代后，开始对权力有更大的兴趣。
Most monopolists create a golden age that lasts a decade or more, and then slowly they became more interested in being in power.
微软陷入了困境。有些人感到幸灾乐祸，近几年的流行观点也将它描绘成死不悔改的蓄意垄断者。
Some people take joy in Microsoft's struggles, as the popular view in recent years paints the company as an unrepentant intentional monopolist.
微软陷入了困境。有些人感到幸灾乐祸，近几年的流行观点也将它描绘成死不悔改的蓄意垄断者。
Some people take joy in Microsoft's struggles, as the popular view in recent years paints the company as an unrepentant intentional monopolist.
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