翻译研究学派认为翻译应该语境化，摆布论是其核心理论。
Translation Studies contextualises a translation and Manipulation is its core theory.
翻译解构主义学派是一新型的翻译学派，积极提倡译者的创造性，注重译者主体性的研究。
Deconstruction is a new translation school, which advocates the translator's creativity and emphasizes the translator's subjectivity.
勒菲弗尔作为翻译操控学派的旗手，其“改写论”是翻译研究文化转向最直接的理论基础。
As the pioneer of manipulation school, Lefevere's "theory of rewriting" is a theoretical foundation for cultural turn in translation studies.
文化学派翻译理论为我们研究中国近代文学翻译提供了一个全新的视角。
The cultural turn in translation studies provides a new perspective in the study of modern China's literary translation.
上世纪九十年代，翻译理论界的文化学派明确提出了翻译研究的“文化转向”，这一研究新方向极大地拓展了译者和理论家的研究视野。
In the last two decades of the twentieth century, there was a "cultural turn" in Translation Studies, which has greatly widened the theoretical scope of this discipline.
第一章是对相关文献的综述。它回顾了翻译研究的文化转向以及文化翻译学派的主要分支。
The first chapter is a review of the previous literature on cultural translation studies, which includes the cultural turn and contemporary translation studies.
以操纵学派为代表的西方翻译研究视翻译为一种复杂的社会文化行为。
Western translation studies with the Manipulation School as its representative takes translation as a complicated sociocultural activity.
同时，操纵学派、阐释学、多元系统理论、目的论这些翻译学新论也为译者主体地位的确立和译者主体性研究提供了充分的理论依据。
At the same time, many new theories, such as the manipulation theory, hermeneutics and Skopos theory, provided a theoretical basis for the study of the translator's subjectivity.
本文用对比和实证的研究方法，探讨近代文学翻译的操纵性和主体性的隐显问题，以揭示操纵学派翻译理论的价值和局限。
Thus, the subjectivity of translators cannot be neglected. This paper, by the methods of comparison and demonstration, discusses explicitness and implicit...
本文用对比和实证的研究方法，探讨近代文学翻译的操纵性和主体性的隐显问题，以揭示操纵学派翻译理论的价值和局限。
Thus, the subjectivity of translators cannot be neglected. This paper, by the methods of comparison and demonstration, discusses explicitness and implicit...
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