Before we all turn our thermostats down or consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss?
在我们把所有恒温关掉或考虑加入北极熊俱乐部之前，棕色脂肪真的能让体重减轻吗？
Research suggests it also helps create brown fat.
研究显示，它也有助于生成褐色脂肪。
Called brown fat, it burns energy rather than storing it.
这种脂肪名为褐色脂肪，与普通脂肪不同，其作用是消耗能量，而非储存能量。
Other mammals and human infants rely on brown fat to keep warm.
婴儿，还有其它哺乳动物都靠这种脂肪组织来产热。
For example, leaner people have more detectable brown fat than overweight people.
例如，瘦人与超重者相比有更多可检测的棕色脂肪。
Identifying the presence of brown fat is one thing, but activating it to burn more glucose is another.
确定棕色脂肪的存在是一回事，但激活它让它燃烧更多葡萄糖是另一回事。
Kahn's and van Marken Lichtenbelt's groups also found that heavier people tended to have less brown fat.
Kahn和van Marken Lichtebelt的研究小组同时也发现了较重体重的人具有较少褐色脂肪组织的倾向。
The studies also found that brown fat was more common in women, younger patients and patients who were thin.
研究还发现，褐色脂肪在女性、年轻病人以及消瘦病人身上更为常见。
So you would need to activate a relatively little amount of brown fat to substantially impact overall energy metabolism.
所以，只需要激活相对少量的棕色脂肪，就可显著地影响整体能量代谢功能。
Scientists found that brown fat is remarkably similar to muscle, a discovery that could lead to new treatments for obesity.
科学家发现棕脂肪与肌肉及其相似。这一发现将会引导肥胖症的新型治疗方法。
But before we all turn our thermostats down or consider joining the Polar Bear Club, can brown fat actually cause weight loss?
但在我们把所有恒温关掉或考虑加入北极熊俱乐部之前，棕色脂肪实际上真正能让体重减轻吗？
And while it's not clear how much brown fat would be needed to have an effect on body weight, he suspects that it wouldn't take much.
虽然现在还不清楚需要有多少棕色脂肪，才能对体重产生影响，他认为这不会需要太多。
The findings of Dutch researchers published in the NEJM raise the possibility of nondrug treatments related to brown fat, Dr. Celi said.
切利说，荷兰研究人员在《新英格兰医学期刊》公布的这一发现带来了从褐色脂肪着手进行非药物治疗的可能性。
Enerback and his team studied five patients and confirmed, using genetic analysis, that the cells around the neck were indeed brown fat.
enerback和他的小组研究5例病人后证实，用遗传学分析，在脖子上的组织确实是棕色脂肪。
Brown adipose tissue, sometimes called "brown fat," also plays a role by burning more energy in the form of heat in cooler temperatures.
棕色脂肪组织，有时被称为“棕脂肪”，在较低温度中消耗更多能量产生体热。
As people age, however, the body becomes more adept at regulating temperature, so brown fat stores shrink and white fat starts to emerge.
然而，随着人们年龄的增长，人体变得更善于调节温度，棕色脂肪沉积逐渐收缩，白色脂肪开始出现。
Based on his findings, Herzig believes that brown fat may originate from a mother cell of adipose tissue that by default tends to make white fat.
根据他的调查结果，赫齐格认为，棕色脂肪可能源自脂肪组织母细胞，默认情况下产生白色脂肪。
"Based on estimates on animal models, 50 grams of brown fat might be sufficient to increase overall energy consumption in human beings by 20%," he says.
“基于对动物模拟的估计，50克棕色脂肪可能就足以使人的整体能源消耗增加20%，”他说。
Increased levels of brown fat may also be attributed to an increase in a brain chemical called brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] found in the sociable mice.
在社会性的小鼠大脑中发现，褐色脂肪的增加可能还归因于大脑中的一种化学物质，称为脑源性神经营养因子。
In the third study in the New England Journal, researchers also found that leaner people tended to have more brown fat deposits than overweight or obese individuals.
在新英格兰医学杂志的第三项研究中，研究人员还发现，瘦小精干的人比超重或肥胖的人往往有更多的棕色脂肪沉积。
So far, it appears that activating brown fat requires some very specific triggers, and these results are only the first step in teasing out what those conditions are.
到目前为止，似乎要激活棕色脂肪，需要一些非常特殊的诱因，而这些成果只是找到这些条件的第一步。
Tests showed that the brown fat transplants were burning caloric energy at a high rate -- energy that otherwise would have been stored as fat in white adipose tissue.
这一实验显示，棕色脂肪移植物能够以极高的效率燃烧卡路里，这些卡路里如果不被燃烧就会转变为白色脂肪组织进行储存。
Researchers at various institutions are seeking ways to increase the body's heat-generating ability by taking advantage of the fact that brown fat is activated by the cold.
既然褐色脂肪通过寒冷激活，各机构的研究者就利用这个事实来寻求增加人体产热能力的办法。
When the researchers rescanned three of the subjects at room temperature, the brown fat was no longer visible. (It hadn't disappeared; it had just stopped working so hard.)
当研究人员在室温下重新扫描三个受试者时，则就看不到这种褐色脂肪组织了（它并没有消失，只是不那么剧烈地工作而已）。
With this switch in hand, the scientists showed they could manipulate it to force other types of cells in the laboratory to produce brown fat, known as Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT).
科学家成功在实验室内应用这种转化使其他类型的细胞制造棕色脂肪，即通常所说的棕色脂肪组织（BAT）。
But medical research groups in Scandinavia, the Netherlands and the United States have discovered that a particular type of fat, known as brown fat, can actually help us slim down.
但是斯堪的纳维亚、荷兰和美国的研究团队发现一种特殊的脂肪——棕色脂肪确实能让我们更苗条。
But, as Cowan notes, "it's certainly exciting that there may be a way to manipulate white adipose tissue to make it something that is more metabolically active and more brown fat-like."
但是，正如考恩指出，“这当然令人兴奋，有可能找到控制白色脂肪组织的方法，使其更积极参与代谢，更像棕色脂肪。”
But, as Cowan notes, "it's certainly exciting that there may be a way to manipulate white adipose tissue to make it something that is more metabolically active and more brown fat-like."
但是，正如考恩指出，“这当然令人兴奋，有可能找到控制白色脂肪组织的方法，使其更积极参与代谢，更像棕色脂肪。”
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