Does Darwinian selection take place at the level only of individuals, or of groups as well?
达尔文选择是只发生在个体水平上，还是整体水平上呢？
And that controversy leads to another one. Does Darwinian selection take place at the level only of individuals, or of groups as well?
争论最后集中到这样一个问题上，达尔文的物竞天择究竟是只发生在个体层面上，还是在群体层面上依旧有效。
Using phrases like "Darwinian selection" or "Darwinian evolution" implies there must be another kind of evolution at work, a process that can be described with another adjective.
使用“达尔文选择”或“达尔文进化论”这样的短语意味着工作中必须有另一种进化形式，一种可以用另一个形容词来描述的过程。
Genetic algorithms mimic Darwinian natural selection, where "fitness" selects individuals for survival, breeding, and, hence, adaptive mutation.
遗传算法模仿达尔文的自然选择，其中“适应性”选择进行生存、繁殖以及由此而来的适应性变异的个体。
It mimics Darwinian natural selection, making "fitness" (as determined by a formula applied to an individual) the chief selector of individuals for survival and procreation, together with mutation.
它模拟达尔文的自然选择，还有变异，把“适应性”(正如适用于个体的公式所决定的那样)作为主要因素选择生存繁衍和变异的个体。
We can do it because our brains (admittedly given to us by natural selection for reasons of short-term Darwinian gain) are big enough to see into the future and plot long-term consequences.
我们能够做到是因为我们的大脑(毫无疑问，自然选择的短期达尔文利益导致了我们的大脑的产生)发达到能够看到未来并能谋划长远的结果。
And it might occur to some of you that this seems to be an analogy with the Darwinian theory of natural selection where there's a random assortment of random mutations.
也许你们之中会有人觉得，这和达尔文的自然选择理论，看上去很相似，自然选择就是随机突变的随机分配。
It's Darwinian, the law of natural selection.
这是达尔文的自然选择规律。
Darwinian natural selection rests on the premise that sometimes a small change in a single gene can prove beneficial if it allows organisms to fare better in their environment.
达尔文的天择说架构在一个前提之上，那就是单一基因上的小改变，有时可能会让生物更适应环境，因而对生物有益。
Darwinian natural selection rests on the premise that sometimes a small change in a single gene can prove beneficial if it allows organisms to fare better in their environment.
达尔文的天择说架构在一个前提之上，那就是单一基因上的小改变，有时可能会让生物更适应环境，因而对生物有益。
应用推荐