According to Hackel, the average company among the 1400-plus with defined benefit plans that his firm tracks was $376 million underfunded.
据海克说，根据他们公司统计，在美国1400多个有固定收益养老金计划的公司里，平均每个公司的资金不足数是3.76亿美元。
In 2006 80% of them relied on defined-benefit plans, which pay a pension based on wages and years on the job.
2006年，80%的雇员依靠的是确定给付计划，这就意味着养老金是根据工作的工资和年限支付的。
And as it turned out, a lot of those plans failed catastrophically. Defined-benefit plans have a huge downside: they drastically discourage labor mobility.
最终，这些计划都失败了，它们有一个严重的弊端，这便是它们彻底的阻碍了劳动力的流动性。
They would also have hybrid plans, with part of the traditional defined-benefit pension replaced by a defined-contribution plan of the sort common in the private sector.
他们同时采取复合计划，即把部分传统的确定给付养老金形式替换为私营部门常见的养老金固定缴款计划。
Private defined-benefit plans are under most pressure.
私营企业的规定收益计划压力最大。
"Defined-benefit plans are going the way of the dodo," says Olivia Mitchell of the Wharton Business School in Philadelphia.
费城沃顿商学院的奥利维亚·米切尔说，“养老金固定收益计划就要过时了”。
"Defined-benefit plans are going the way of the dodo," says Olivia Mitchell of the Wharton Business School in Philadelphia.
费城沃顿商学院的奥利维亚·米切尔说，“养老金固定收益计划就要过时了”。
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