Industrial cluster is a new type of economic organization, which lies between the market system and the hierarchy system.

产业集群是一种介于市场和等级制之间的一种新的空间经济组织形式。

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Enterprise cluster is a typical type of industrial space organization, which lies between the market system and the hierarchy system.

企业集群是一种比较典型的介于市场与企业之间的产业空间组织形式。

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There are two basic systems for issuing certificates: a closed (private hierarchy) system and an open (public hierarchy) system.

发布证书有两种基本的系统：封闭式(私有层次)系统与公开式(公共层次)系统。

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There are two basic systems for issuing certificates: a closed (private hierarchy) system and an open (public hierarchy) system.

发布证书有两种基本的系统：封闭式(私有层次)系统与公开式(公共层次)系统。

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