In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped out any writing that was there.
在中世纪后期，人们习惯用磨料刮去羊皮纸的表面，把纸上的所有文字都擦得干干净净。
Being a mercenary soldier was a respected profession in the late Middle Ages.
在中古时代的后期，作为佣兵是一个受到尊敬的职业。
This thesis studies the constabulary system of England in the late middle ages.
本文研究的是中世纪末期英格兰的治安官制度。
All this was destined to change in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance period.
在中世纪后期和文艺复兴时期，所有这些都是注定要发生变化的。
None of the European adventurers who wrote up their travels through Asia in the late Middle Ages remark on it.
没有一位在中世纪晚期游历过亚洲的欧洲人在其游记中为此留下过一笔。
More certain are the many pieces of evidence to ferrets, both in writing and paintings, in the late Middle Ages.
更加肯定是有很多的证据，以雪貂，无论是在写作和绘画，在中世纪晚期。
One gallery we visited in Florence was exhibiting paintings on wood from the late Middle Ages that were gilded with gold leaf.
我们在佛罗伦萨参观的一个画廊展示着中世纪的叶子上镀金的木刻画。
The globalization starts in late middle ages of Western Europe, and ACTS as one kind of new advanced civilization expanding everywhere.
全球化发端于中世纪后期的西欧，之后作为一种新的先进的文明开始向全球扩张。
To know about the state of the Roman Catholic's income will be helpful to fully understand some important affairs in the late Middle Ages.
另一方面也腐蚀了教会，使天主教会成为批判的对象，直接导致西欧中世纪中后期一系列重大事件的发生。
Scottish universities, which were created in the late Middle Ages, suffered from shortage of fund and low academic level in their early times.
苏格兰的大学产生于中世纪晚期，成立之初资金窘迫、学术水平低。
Through Shakespeare's Chronicle Drama, we can observe evolvement of the loyalty and characters of Limited Royalty in England of Late Middle Ages.
我们从莎士比亚历史剧中可以看到各个时代的王权演变过程和中世纪后期英国有限王权特征。
To the late Middle Ages, European magician suffering began, the church is not recognized by any of the techniques are considered to be black magic.
到了中世纪末期，欧洲魔术师的苦难开始了，任何未被教堂所认可的技法都被认为是黑魔法。
In the late Middle Ages, these achievements obtained by Egypt to a large extent should be attributed to the amirs who were Sudan's military commanders and officers.
中世纪后期埃及所取得的这些成就很大程度上要归功于苏丹领导的军事团体长官——埃米尔。
The shroud was also damaged by a fire in the late Middle Ages which could have added carbon material, resulting in a higher radiocarbon content and a later calculated age.
这块裹尸布在中世纪后期遭到火灾破坏，也可能会增加另外的碳元素，这样会产生高放射性的碳素使计算的年代有所延迟。
This operating system was set in motion in the Late middle Ages, as a way of slowing down a rising middle class and its peer-to-peer, almost Burning-Man-like marketplace.
这一系统自中世纪晚期运行起来，以此来压制正在崛起的中产阶级和其相应的快速上升的市场地位。
In the late Middle Ages, the Renaissance of the western humanism tradition brought a significant transformation in the academia and ideological circle of western European.
中世纪后期，西方人文主义传统的复兴带来了西欧学术界和思想界的重大变革。
The Fourth Chapter surveys the media of Western Europe in the late Middle Ages by which knowledge was communicated and discusses the roles of the oral media and written media.
第四章考察西欧中世纪后期知识传播的媒介，分别讨论口语媒介与文字媒介在知识传播过程中的作用。
In this paper, we utilize the history analysis methodology, analyzing the Shakespeare's Chronicle Drama, to research Limited Royalty of Late Middle Ages in England and its development.
本文主要采用历史分析法，通过对莎士比亚历史剧的文本分析，审视和分析中世纪后期英国的有限王权及其演变。
Beginning in the late middle ages, around 1100, there was a burst in the construction of very large churches, the Gothic cathedrals, first in northern France and later spreading throughout Europe.
在公元1100年左右的中世纪晚期开始，先是在法国北部，后来在整个欧洲爆发了建设大型哥特式教堂的热潮。
The Second & Third Chapters survey respectively the ways of knowledge communication of Western Europe in the late Middle Ages in respects of churches, libraries, ordinary schools and universities.
第二章与第三章分别从教会、图书馆、一般学校、大学等四个方面，考察西欧中世纪后期知识传播的途径。
The first part intends to estimate the economical level of England in the later Middle Ages, particularly stresses on the late fourteenth and fifteenth century from macroscopic point of view.
第一部分从宏观的角度估价了中世纪晚期英国大众的经济水平。
The first part intends to estimate the economical level of England in the later Middle Ages, particularly stresses on the late fourteenth and fifteenth century from macroscopic point of view.
第一部分从宏观的角度估价了中世纪晚期英国大众的经济水平。
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