Research and teaching: macroeconomics, economic growth, and money and banking.
主要研究和教学领域：宏观经济学、经济增长、货币与银行。
From my third year, about all I have are two not at all impressive Money and Banking papers.
从第三年起，我保留下来的只有两篇并不怎么样的关于货币银行学的论文。
Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Econometrics, Principles of Statistics, Accounting, Money and Banking, International Trade, Principles of Management and so on.
微观经济学、宏观经济学、计量经济学、统计学原理、会计学、货币银行学、国际贸易、管理学等。
In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.
中世纪时期，现代银行和信用工具出现之前，人们在家里存钱，一次丢几个硬币到罐子或盘子里。
One great advantage of this plan is its simplicity, as well as the minimal change in banking and the money supply that it would require.
这个方案的一个极大好处是它的简单性，对银行业和货币供应带来的变化也是最小的。
But eventually you have this bearer note that you start passing around to spend to other people and they start to think of them as money and that's the origin of banking.
但是最终，你持有这个不记名票据，并且开始将其流传到，别人手中，然后他们开始将其视为金钱，这就是银行业的起源。
To get a handle on these problems, start on the financial side and two big "facts" about banking and money.
要想找到解决问题的脉络，应该从金融，以及两个大的“现实”——银行和货币入手。
One way to understand the banking crisis is that the Banks cannot raise new money and lend it to people who could use it.
对银行业危机的一种理解是，银行无法筹集到新的资金并贷给需要使用资金的人。
It can be done – by creating money to offset the contraction of credit, recapitalising the banking system and writing off or down the accumulated debt in an orderly manner.
通过有序地创造货币抵消信贷紧缩、向银行系统注资，以及注销或减记累积债务，我们可以做到这一点。
Since then, a series of mostly small banks have said they will return bail-out money, frustrating the plan to increase the banking system’s capital and lending capacity.
这之后小型银行络绎不绝要求退还纾困资金，增加银行体系资产和借贷能力大计划，不免困难重重。
Moreover they can also borrow from the Federal Reserve Banks when they're in trouble and need money and that's supposed to help prevent banking crises.
更多的是，当它们陷入困境,需要钱时可以,从联邦储备银行那里借钱,这样可以帮助阻止银行业危机的产生。
An example might be a banking application, where exchanged messages might represent the transfer of large sums of money, and therefore the possibility of losing a SOAP message is not acceptable.
以银行应用程序为例，其中交换的消息可能代表大笔资金的转移，因此丢失SOAP消息的行为是不可接受的。
Standard bank is making more money in Africa because it is simple banking - lending and foreign exchange.
标准银行在非洲赚的钱已经开始增加了，因为它进行的是单纯的银行业务，即贷款和外汇业务。
In many countries mobile money has been blocked because operators do not have banking licences and their networks of corner-shop retailers do not meet the strict criteria for formal bank branches.
由于移动运营商没有银行许可证，街角商店零售网达不到正式银行分行严格的标准，在一些国家，移动货币已经被叫停。
We thought that with the consolidation in the banking sector, the Banks will have enough money and capacity to get customers.
我们原认为，银行经整合后，会有充足的资金和能力来开发客户。
The following lecture will be about banking, the supply of money and the money multiplier. It's also about: how banks operate; what their function is in our society;
接下来的课程将谈论有关银行、货币供应和货币因子，这是关于：银行怎样运营、在社会中的功能。
One respected banking analyst puts it thus: "More failures amongst hedge funds, insurance companies and Banks, and... money markets remaining effectively shut."
一位受尊敬的银行业分析家是这么说的：“将会有更多的对冲基金、保险公司和银行倒闭，并且…货币市场将实际处于关闭状态。”
New institutions, such as hedge funds and conduits—what Paul McCulley, of Pimco, a fund management group, has called “the shadow banking system”—are highly dependent on borrowed money, or leverage.
像冲基金和管道机构---Pimco资金管理集团的Paul McCulley将它们称为“影子银行系统”---这样的新兴机构严重地依赖借入资金（或曰杠杆）。
And since the whole point of fractional-reserve banking is not to have sufficient money to redeem the receipts, the Rothbard bank would quickly go under.
且既然整个部分准备金银行制度的意义就在于银行不需要有足够的储备金去兑现它的票据，因而罗斯巴德银行会很快破产倒闭。
The risk, of course, is that pandering to voters' anger only inflames them further, and makes it even harder to put money into the banking system as need arises.
当然这是有风险的，利用选民的群愤也许只会火上浇油，而这会让银行系统确实需要被注资时难上加难。
Citi, by contrast, has had a terrible decade. Having lost money in investment banking, it is slimming down and hoping that its presence in lots of countries will be an advantage.
相反，花旗集团经历了一个可怕的十年，在投资银行方面出现损失，正在瘦身，希望其在许多国家的网点能够成为一个优势。
Yet if you dig down a bit, JPMorgan Chase made its money this quarter in exactly the same way that Goldman did: from investment banking and trading.
不过，如果再挖的深一点，你就会发现，摩根大通第三季度盈利的方法实际上和高盛如出一辙：都是来自投行业务和交易业务。
The discrepancy could be explained by the spending of money borrowed in 2010 but idled since then, and credit expansion outside the banking system.
其差异可以由以下两个原因解释，其一，2010年已签订贷款合同但尚未正式启用的那部分贷款；其二是银行体系之外的信贷扩张。
Ransoms are paid in cash, partly because Somalia has no functioning banking system, and partly to hamper American anti-money-laundering investigators.
赎金一般以现金形式支付，部分原因是索马里没有可用的银行系统，另一部分原因是阻止美国的反洗钱调查。
The bank made money from its Investment Banking arm, which includes financial advisory services and equity underwriting.
高盛的投行业务实现了盈利，包括金融咨询服务和股票承销。
On top of that, hot money is also hazardous to the safety and stability of the financial market and the banking system.
另外，“热钱”不利于金融市场和银行体系的安全稳健。
To control the money supply and to supervise Banks and banking practices in the country.
有权控制货仙的供应量，并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
To control the money supply and to supervise Banks and banking practices in the country.
有权控制货仙的供应量，并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
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