But Google is not a monopolist-just a company that is, for the moment at least, ahead of its peers.
不过，至少现在Google还不是垄断者，它只不过是自己所在行业的领头羊罢了。
This behaviour is rational on the part of the monopolist, but is often seen by competition authorities as an abuse of a monopoly position, whether or not the monopoly itself is sanctioned.
这种行为在垄断者来看是理智的，但是竞争权威们认为无论垄断被禁止与否这都是对垄断地位的滥用。
Despite public and private protests, Google gave the ultimatum that only a monopolist can give: in order to appear in Web search, you must allow us to use your content to compete against you.
我们在公开和私下场合都表示过抗议，但谷歌却对我们下达了只有垄断寡头才会给出的最后通牒：如果你们想要在网络搜索中出现，就必须允许我们使用你们的内容与你们展开竞争。
Thus, the monopolist has significant power over the price it charges, i. e. is a price setter rather than a price taker.
因此，垄断者在价格确定上拥有很大的力量，它是价格的制定者而不是接受者。
Draw the demand, marginal-revenue, and marginal-cost curves for a monopolist.
画出垄断者的需求曲线、边际收益曲线和边际成本曲线。
By definition, the demand curve facing the monopolist is the industry demand curve which is downward sloping.
根据其定义，垄断者所面对的需求曲线(即是行业的需求曲线)是向下倾斜的。
It described Baidu, which has around 75% of the market for Internet searches in China, as a "monopolist" that abuses its power.
它把百度，一个在中国互联网搜索市场上占有75%市场份额的搜索引擎，描述为一个滥用权利的垄断者。
However, when there are in the presence of both network effects and piracy, the monopolist can deter the piracy by specific pricing strategy.
而当正网络效应与盗版并存时，垄断公司可以制定阻止盗版的定价策略。
Consider an incumbent monopolist faced with two potential competitors who can enter the market by developing some substitute, but inferior, production technology.
市场上存在一个在位企业和两个潜在进入者，潜在进入者可以通过开发劣于在位企业已有技术的替代技术进入市场。
Saudi Arabia is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, and it has always taken the leading role in the oil policy transformation of the international petroleum monopolist OPEC.
作为中东地区重要国家之一，沙特阿拉伯亦是石油输出国组织（欧佩克）的主要成员，在国际石油市场拥有举足轻重的地位。
When there are only positive network effects, the optimal fulfilled-expectations contract can enhance the profit of the monopolist who sells customized bundles of the copyrighted information goods.
研究表明，当仅存在正网络效应时，垄断公司可以通过制定最优可实现预期定制捆绑合同来增加自身的利润。
Transition Three: Monopolist to Savvy Defendant
转变之三：从垄断者到精明的被告
Transition Three: Monopolist to Savvy Defendant
转变之三：从垄断者到精明的被告
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