So, when one of these positions reverses, the effects spread rapidly as speculators bail out of their positions to reduce risk and preserve their capital.
因此，当一个领域状况发生逆转，投机者就会撤出资金来降低风险和保护自己的资本，这会使这种撤出效应会迅速传播。
This view dovetails neatly with a five-year-old plan to drag their management of capital and risk into the modern age.
上述观点与一项为期五年的计划完全吻合，该计划使欧洲央行对资金与风险的管理更具现代感。
Given too much time, moreover, there is the risk that Banks will, in fact, shrink their balance-sheets to bolster their capital ratios.
再者，给银行太多时间就肯能存在风险，银行可能会缩减其资产负债表以提高其资本比率。
Risk aversion, fear of default and depleted bank capital have caused private borrowing rates to deviate sharply from policy rates.
厌恶风险，担心不履行责任以及变质的银行资本已经导致个人借款利率大大的脱离了政策利率。
But their being unregulated made it more attractive for Banks (whose affiliates the non-banks often were) to evade capital requirements by pushing risk into these entities.
但要是不受监管，银行可以通过向实体注入风险，逃避对资本的需求，这样更加有吸引力。
Regulators could monitor how this trades, or use markets that gauge the risk of insolvency, to help decide when banks must raise more capital (see article).
监管者可以监视交易的进行，或者利用市场衡量未能偿付的风险，来辅助决定什么时候银行必须提高资本金比例。
Rather than step up their own risk management over the past two decades, too many bankers used weak regulatory capital guidelines as the way to measure risk.
过去二十年里，太多银行家们并没有强化自身的风险管理，而是将低标准的监管资本金条例作为衡量风险的尺度。
But three of the four main clearinghouses told the bank that its derivatives operation has too little capital, and thus potentially poses too much risk to the overall market.
但是四家清算所中的三家都告诉它说，他的衍生产品业务资本量太小，对整个市场可能带来太大的潜在风险。
The risk weightings on assets are rising as the effects of the downturn feed through into banks’ risk models, forcing them to set aside more capital.
由于经济下行被考虑进银行风险模式中，资产的风险权重提高了，这也迫使银行留存更多的资金。
Now, quite passive investors could afford to risk capital—but only what they chose—with entrepreneurs.
现在，保守的投资者也可以对他们选择的企业进行风险投资。
Basel 2 invites Banks to choose between two approaches when calculating credit risk and capital allocation.
在计算信用风险和配置资本问题上，《新巴塞尔协议》为银行提供了两种方法供他们选择。
So the 27 governments of the eu-both in and out of the euro zone-agreed to force Banks to take on more capital to reduce the risk of collapse.
因此，欧盟27国(包括欧元区内17国和区外10国)同意迫使银行吸纳更多的资金，以减少崩溃的风险。
In this, the US is going back to the 1930s regulatory approach of prohibition as opposed to taxation, whether by capital requirements or levies, in the attempt to address systemic risk.
该计划将会使美国重归上世纪30年代的禁令式(而非征税)监管路线，试图通过资本金要求或征费来应对系统性风险。
But they cannot risk the sort of capital that big Banks will put up to facilitate trades in stocks.
但他们不能冒险将资本投到大银行用来为股票交易提供便利的用途上。
That is, the return on capital in the financial sector was artificially high because the amount of capital used to protect against risk was artificially low.
那就是说，由于被用于对抗风险的资本被人为地降低了，金融行业的资本回报就被人为地抬高了。
The disappearance of small corporations gives rise to a tendency among small investors not to risk their capital in new competitive enterprises.
小企业的消失使得小发明家不敢再冒风险把资金投入到新的竞争性企业中这样一种局面的出现。
The new law increases the amount of equity capital that Banks must hold, relative to their total capital, in order to reduce bankruptcy risk.
相对银行总资本来说，新法提高了其必须持有的权益资本额，这是为了降低银行破产的风险。
The launch this week of a service to cut the level of capital at risk by batching trades in a process called "compression" is another encouraging sign that the market can heal itself.
本周启动的、旨在通过限额交易亦即所谓“压缩”流程削低风险资产水平的服务是市场能自我修复的另一鼓舞人心的迹象。
The final rules are due in November and will probably call for Banks in normal times to carry core capital of at least 10% of risk-adjusted assets.
最终版本的规则预计将于十一月出台，届时可能要求银行在正常情况下核心资本占风险调整资产的比例不低于10%。
European banks which operated only under a risk-weighted capital regime were able to buy those very same assets because they attracted a low capital charge.
在风险加权资本体制下运作的欧洲银行则可以购买此类证券化资产，由于此类资产需要较低的资本补充。
Proponents of counting human capital in any asset allocation like to differentiate it from discussions about risk.
在所有资产配置中计入人力资本的支持者不大愿把人力资本与风险讨论放在一起。
It allows them to hedge against their risk and manage their regulatory and economic capital more efficiently.
它使得银行能够避免风险造成的损失，并更有效率的管理他们的监管资本和经济资本。
Swiss regulators, for example, want their biggest Banks to hold the equivalent of 9% of their risk-weighted assets in convertible capital.
例如，瑞士监管人员要求该国大银行持有相当于风险加权资产9%的可兑换资本。
Investors seem to pay closer attention to more cautious capital measures such as the leverage ratio, which does not allow for any risk-weighted adjustment to assets.
看起来，投资者开始关注像杠杆率这样的谨慎资金措施，杠杆率不允许任何资产中出现风险加权调节。
Investors seem to pay closer attention to more cautious capital measures such as the leverage ratio, which does not allow for any risk-weighted adjustment to assets.
看起来，投资者开始关注像杠杆率这样的谨慎资金措施，杠杆率不允许任何资产中出现风险加权调节。
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