This is from a classic study by Tolman where rats were taught to run a maze.

这是托尔曼的经典实验,训练白鼠走迷津。

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They learn to run a maze faster and faster when they're regularly rewarded but they also learn to run a maze faster and faster if they are not rewarded at all.

在不断得到奖励的条件下,白鼠跑出迷津的速度越来越快,但在完全不予奖励的条件下,白鼠依然能越来越快的跑出迷津。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Not only those of the rat race, all human beings.

不仅仅是实验小白鼠，所有人类都是。

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Let me ask another question, if you give this-- and we'll talk about this in a later lecture, but if you give this diet to laboratory animal-- rats, mice, whatever-- it's very common for animals to gain a good bit of weight when given access to this diet.

我们来看另一个问题,如果你给,我们将在以后的课上讨论这个话题,但如果你给实验室动物,像小白鼠之类的,给予某种类型的饮食,这种饮食习惯会使得体重增加

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And what they found was the rats did fine.

研究者们发现白鼠能够很好的解决问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选