Those two examples I just gave you, one had to directly inject a gene containing vector into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg and you don't have that opportunity in adults.

在我刚给出的两个例子里,一个必须得将带有目的基因的载体,直接注射到受精卵的原核中,这在成年人身上行不通

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The cell is a fertilized egg, so you take a fertilized egg and you directly inject plasma DNA into the pronucleus, into one of the pronucleus--pronuclei.

供试细胞是受精卵,当你获得一枚受精卵,可以直接将胞质DNA注射到,它的一个原核中

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And that certainly wasn't true way back at the start of A, as the fertilized egg first begins to split and multiply, subdivide and make organs.

显然不是在A阶段这么早就开始的，当受精的卵子开始分裂繁殖，继续分裂，形成器官。

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During development of the embryo it goes from being a single cell, the fertilized egg, to being a multi-cellular organism with billions of cells in it.

胚胎的发育,始于一个单一细胞,即受精卵,直到形成一个以十亿计数量的细胞构成的,多细胞有机体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The zygote or this fertilized egg is a completely undifferentiated cell.

受精卵,或者说已受精的卵子,是一个完全未分化的细胞

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You could do the same thing in mammals and here's one quick example of that, using a different kind of a vector, but inserting a gene into the fertilized egg of a mammal, in this case, a sheep.

你也能在哺乳动物上做到同样的效果,这里有另一个简短的例子,用了另一种载体,把一段基因注入哺乳动物的受精卵中,在这里我们用了绵羊

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One of the ways that it's used is to take the fertilized egg from an animal, a mouse, usually it's a mouse and inject in a vector that contains a gene that is involved in human disease of some sort.

其中一种应用就是,从动物,一般是老鼠体内取出受精卵,注入某种质粒,这种质粒带有与某些人类疾病相关的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case, if everything goes right, you inject the DNA into the pronucleus, you implant this fertilized egg into a foster mother, the mother gives birth to offspring, it develops and when it develops this foreign DNA is in the offspring.

如此一来,如果一切顺利,DNA成功注射进原核,受精卵成功植入代孕母亲,成功的孕育了后代,后代健健康康的长大,目的基因就成功的整合进了后代的基因组

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选