President Obama denied the charge. The summit host,Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Patrick Manning, praised President Obama for a positive attitude, which he said set a congenial tone that ensured success at the gathering.

VOA: standard.2009.04.19

And so we have a positive charge in the nucleus which is given by the number of protons.

在原子核上,有很多质子聚集而形成的正电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

You've got a positive charge here with a negative charge around it.

正电荷在这儿,负电荷在周围。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

That's not a positive and negative charge, that's actually a phase, and that arises from the wave equation.

这不是指正负电荷，它是指相位，这是从波函数中得来的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I'm going to say, quite to the contrary, the positive charge is concentrated at the center in a tiny, tiny, tiny volume.

我要说的是，完全相反，正电荷集中在中心,在一个非常非常小的体积内。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, when we get really close together, granted, there is a net positive negative charge with a Coulombic force of attraction.

当它们真正离得很近时，假设有一个带正负电的电荷,带有库仑引力。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And shielding is a little bit of a misnomer because it's not actually that's the electron's blocking the charge from another electron, it's more like you're canceling out a positive attractive force with a negative repulsive force.

屏蔽有一点点用词不当,因为它事实上不是,电子阻挡了来自另一个电子的电荷,它更像你在用一个负排斥力，抵消一个正吸引力,但是屏蔽是考虑这个问题,的很好的方式。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, if I've got positive charge uniformly distributed, look at the choice. It's a brilliant experiment.

所以如果按照正电荷是均匀分布的假设来说，就会是这样的，这是一个聪明的实验。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

OK, so all I do is I take into account that I've got all the positive charge, whatever it is, it's a nucleus.

我做的全部是考虑,我得到所有的正电荷，无论是什么，都是一个核。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, I've got plus twos, zooming in at high energy against a wall of positive charge.

两个高能的正电荷,在正电荷壁垒时会遇到阻力。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And what you find out if you do these calculations, is that you have a negative 1 for your formal charge on nitrogen, you have a negative 2 for your formal charge on carbon, and you have a positive 2 for your formal charge on sulfur.

而如果你做了这些计算会发现，氮的形式电荷量为负一，碳的形式电荷量为负二，而硫的形式电荷量为正二。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, an electron has a charge of negative e, we've written here and the nucleus has a charge of positive e.

我们写在这，原子核带正e的电荷,我们看到作用力。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, shielding happens when you have more than one electron in an atom, and the reason that it's happening is because you're actually canceling out some of that positive charge from the nucleus or that attractive force with a repulsive force between two electrons.

所以当你们在原子中有多于一个电子,屏蔽就会发生，它之所以会发生的原因是,你们实际上抵消了,一些来自原子核的正电荷,或者来自吸引力,在两个电子之间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we have total +2 and complete shielding -1 where that can actually negate a full positive charge, because remember our nucleus is plus 2, +1 one of the electrons is minus 1, so if it totally blocks it, all we would have left from the nucleus is an effective charge of plus 1.

抵消一个完全的正电荷,因为记住我们的原子核是,其中一个电子是,所以如果它完全挡住了它，我们从原子核中留下的，全部有效电荷就是，所以，在我们的第一个例子中,我们的第一种极端情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选