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In the early 1850s, Angstrom, up at the University of Uppsala in Sweden was conducting experiments on atomic hydrogen.
在19世纪50年代的头几年，阿姆斯特朗，那时还在瑞典的乌普萨拉大学里,做了一个有关氢原子的实验。
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This is the diagram taken right from your text, there are the two electrodes coming in and this is atomic hydrogen in the gas tube.
这是从教科书上复制下来的图表，这里有两个电极进来,这是气体管中的氢原子。
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Hydrogen, we can first draw in our atomic electrons.
氢原子，我们可以先画出原子电子。
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He measured the line spectra of atomic hydrogen.
测量了氢原子的线光谱。
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Gee, I wonder if I could come up with a set of transitions occurring inside atomic hydrogen Just right match that what Angstrom measured back in 1853.
嘿！我想知道我是否可以想出,发生在氢原子内的,一系列的跃迁，正好符合,阿姆斯特朗在1853年测得的东西。
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Take the fattest marking pen you have, scratch that out and replace it with atomic hydrogen.
用你最粗的笔把它划掉，再用氢原子代替它。
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A couple of other things about hydrogen: hydrogen also, like other elements, has isotopes and we already saw that in 1766, Cavendish isolated atomic hydrogen and enunciated some of its properties.
一些关于氢的东西：,氢气，就像其他元素一样，有同位素，人们在1766年就发现了这一点，卡文迪许分离出原子氢,并且阐述了它的一些性质。
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That is the ground state energy of atomic hydrogen.
同时也是氢原子基态的能量值。
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H We've been talking about atomic hydrogen, H.
我们讨论的原子氢。
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This is the 1s. And, just to be clear, this is the 1s atomic orbital in atomic hydrogen.
说清楚，这是原子氢的1s原子轨道。
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It is a double column, You can see, it starts with hydrogen and goes to mercury in ascending order of atomic mass.
双纵栏，你们看到，从氢开始,然后到水银，按原子质量的升序排列。
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That is the electron in its lowest orbit, to the nucleus of atomic hydrogen.
那就是氢原子原子核外电子，最低轨道到情况。
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in atomic hydrogen, is it fast? Is it slow?
在氢原子里，速度是快还是慢？
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Because only atomic hydrogen has that set of lines which means I could then take the spectra of gas phase species and use that information to identify.
我在这抬头看看然后离开，那就是氢原子,那就意味着,我可以测定,气相种类的光谱并且运用那个信息来鉴定。
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But, it could be not just atomic hydrogen.
但是，它不能仅仅是原子氢。
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OK, atomic hydrogen, one proton, one electron.
原子氢，单个质子，单电子。
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This is for atomic hydrogen gas.
但这只是针对气态氢原子的情况。
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So you can see here in this slide we have the atomic orbitals for the two hydrogen atoms, each of them have one electron in them, hydrogen has one electron in a 1 s orbital.
从这个幻灯片你们可以看到我们,有这两个氢原子的原子轨道，每个上面有个电子，氢原子上面有一个电子在1s轨道上。
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