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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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And sociologically in the 1960s and 1970s, in the United States, behaviorism was incredibly well known and so was Skinner.
在上世纪60到70年代之间的美国社会，行为主义极为盛行,斯金纳也得以名声大噪。
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Behaviorism looks at the human entity, at the person as basically a collection of behaviors as a box, like a billiard ball knocked around by reinforcements, by punishment, by reward.
行为主义认为人的主体性，认为人是一个行为集合，就像一只被击打而四处滚动的台球，被增强，奖惩驱动。
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And then, I want to turn to objections to behaviorism but these three principles are powerful and very interesting.
之后，我还想讲讲对行为主义的反对,但这三个原则是非常重要的,也是很有意思的。
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The strong view of behaviorism is everything you know, everything you are, is the result of experience.
行为主义的观点认为,你的知识，你的一切，都是经验的产物。
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And it also brings us back to the lecture on behaviorism where we talked about classical conditioning and different theories of what people are afraid of.
这把我们带回到行为主义讲座中,我们谈论经典条件型反射,及人们害怕的不同理论。
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Now, remember from behaviorism the baby will learn this isn't very interesting.
根据行为主义,婴儿会觉得这东西没什么意思
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Now, at the core of behaviorism are three extremely radical and interesting views.
言归正传，行为主义的核心,由三个非常极端又很有趣的观点组成。
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And I want to talk about psychoanalysis today and behaviorism next week.
今天我们先来讲讲精神分析理论,下周再谈行为主义理论。
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Because the first force was behaviorism.
因为第一势力是行为主义。
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So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
所以在今天和星期一,我们将学习两大心理理论,其代表人物分别是,西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和,伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳,这两个理论便是精神分析理论,和行为主义理论。
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Well, there's a radical claim about the origin of language associated with the guy who we met when we talked about behaviorism who wrote A Review of Verbal Behavior, the linguist Noam Chomsky.
关于语言的起源,语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基,提出了一个激进的观点,我们曾在讲述行为主义时提到过,他写过篇叫《述评》的论文
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A second aspect of behaviorism was anti-mentalism.
行为主义的第二个观点,是反心理主义。
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What are your questions about behaviorism?
你们关于行为主义的问题是什么？
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First it is a reaction to behaviorism.
首先是对行为主义的异议。
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So, behaviorism as a dominant intellectual field has faded, but it still leaves behind an important legacy and it still stands as one of the major contributions of twentieth century psychology.
虽然行为主义的统治地位已经不复存在，但它仍留给了我们许多重要的遗产,行为主义也仍然是,二十世纪心理学发展的主要贡献之一。
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So, here are the three general positions of behaviorism.
这是行为主义的三个基本观点。
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On the other hand, the psychological theory of behaviorism has had a huge impact and I think a lot of people's ways of thinking about criminal justice and criminal law has been shaped by behaviorist principles.
另一方面，行为主义理论拥有巨大的影响力,许多人对于刑事司法,和刑事法规的看法,都是在行为主义原则下形成的。
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Any questions about behaviorism?
有什么关于行为主义的问题吗？
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Behaviorism is different.
行为主义则不同。
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And this is one of the most influential intellectual documents ever written in psychology because it took the entire discipline of behaviorism and, more than everything else, more than any other event, could be said to have destroyed it or ended it as a dominant intellectual endeavor.
这是心理学论文之中,最有影响力最出色的文献之一,因为相较于其他批判,这篇文章作为一种完全理性的尝试，可以说完全摧毁,或是终结了行为主义学派。
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