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So hopefully, the first experiment he did, which I know that they certainly did do was maybe it's just background noise, right?
做的第一个实验，我相信他们肯定,是这样做的？
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I want to cool a gas with a Joule-Thomson experiment, what temperature do I have to be at?
给气体降温时,需要到达什么温度？
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In order to do this experiment, we're going to look at three short excerpts of popular entertainment.
为了做此实验，我们先来看三个大众文艺节目的片段。
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What they do is they do an experiment where somebody is in trouble.
他们做了一个实验,有人陷入了困境。
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There is also the constant, creative tension around experimentation and making sure everyone in the organization feels it's better to experiment, fail and then move on and experiment again than to not do that.
而且，在技术试验上，他总会持续迸发出创造性的火花,在这之前，马克会去确认,团队里的每一个人是否同意试验，如果第一次失败，我们会继续,而不是停止试验。
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What do they do as their experiment?
当他们做实验的时候他们会怎么做呢？
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Because of that you can do the following experiment, and it's a simple experiment, it's simple to understand, but the concept is very important so I encourage you to think about it and make sure you understand it.
我们可以做一个实验,这是一个非常简单容易理解的实验,但是这个实验验证的概念非常重要,我希望你们能够仔细思考,并且能够掌握
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Sam All right. So, we'll move this up to the front in just a minute, but I'm going to explain how this experiment works and we'll do the calculation first before the excitement breaks out.
好的，这是她的女儿,被背带背她在胸前，这是Patti，Christie博士，好的，我们等会,会把它移到前面,但我要先解释下。
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How do we go from that experiment to H the terms that we're trying to get, these slopes.
我们怎样从实验得到我们想要的量？,记住，我们想要得到Δ
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You make an observation doing an experiment that is as accurate as you can do.
得到了你能都,做到的最高精度。
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- And we could never do this-- and one could never do this experiment today but let me go through it with you and you'll apologize for its--some of its qualities.
我们不能再-,这种实验，如今再不能做了,我给你们从头至尾讲一下,因为实验中性别歧视的原因，我再次道歉。
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This is real, unlike the Joule coefficient which is very small so that most gases have tiny Joule coefficients. So if you do a Joule experiment, you hardly measure a temperature change. With real gases, here you do actually measure it. You can feel it with your finger on your bicycle tire.
系数那样小以至于,大多数气体的焦耳系数,都很小，所以如果你做焦耳实验,很难测量出温度的变化,对于真实气体，你可以测量它，你能通过手指按在,自行车轮胎上来感觉到它。
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So, I was trying to save the moment as best as I could, and I looked at her and I said, ? "Judy, do you remember that old experiment " that Elliot Aronson did on attractiveness?"
我想尽力挽回局面，我看着她，说道，“朱迪，你还记得一个实验吗,是艾伦特做的关于吸引力的实验“
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OK, so now we're going to do the same kind of experiment, but irreversibly. An irreversible adiabatic.
现在来在,不可逆的条件下，完成相同的实验。
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But before we give the reasons let's do an experiment of Mill's claim.
但在给出理由之前,先对穆勒的观点做个实验。
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And they do a beautiful experiment.
他们做了个完美的实验。
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This is a terribly stressful experiment to do to people and, as I say now about a lot of studies that I describe in this class, it would not today be done.
这些在人身上进行的实验非常有压力,正如我说过，有很多,我在课堂上讲过的实验，在今天都是不能进行的。
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So in this experiment here, delta p is less than zero. You need to have this whole thing greater than zero. So delta T is less than zero as well. So if you're below the inversion temperature and you do the Joule-Thomson experiment, you're going to end up with something that's colder on this side than that side.
所以在这个实验中，Δp小于零,这全部都大于零,因此ΔT也小于零,所以如果在低于转变,温度的情况下做焦耳-汤姆孙实验,最后的结果是,这边的温度比这边低。
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