In December, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev criticized Rosneft, the state run company that owns the world's largest oil and gas reserves, for spending only of its revenues on research and development.

VOA: standard.2010.02.03

Let's try it with a different equation of state, that isn't quite as simple as the ideal gas case.

考虑一个不同的状态方程，这状态方程不像理想气体状态方程那么简单。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Hydrogen gas it's in its most stable state, right at room temperature and pressure.

和常压下氢气是氢元素，最稳定的状态，这个小“0“

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Or, if we know the equation of state from a model, ideal gas, van der Waal's gas, whatever, u now we can determine u.

或者如果我们知道模型的状态方程,比如理想气体，范德瓦尔斯气体，无论什么，我们就可以利用状态方程得到内能。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So from measured equation of state data, or from a model like the ideal gas or the van der Waal's gas or another equation of state you know this.

所以，从测量的到的状态方程的数据，或者从状态方程模型比如理想气体方程,范德瓦尔斯方程或者其他状态方程,我们就可以知道。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Remember the equation of state for Van der pV=nRT Waal's gas is not pV is equal to nRT, but p plus the attraction term.

记住范德瓦尔斯气体的状态,方程不是，而是p加上一个吸引项。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选