This should, you would think, be a half note and this would start on the downbeat, over here.

大家会觉得,这里应该是个二分音符,并以强拍开始,在这里

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How can we get a half note that actually equals now three quarter notes?

我们怎么加上一个二分音符,从而正好代表了三个四分音符呢

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The half note. Here's one gesture; here's another gesture.

二分音符,这是一个动作,这是另外一个动作

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

And this whole note obviously can be subdivided into two half notes and each of the half notes into two quarter notes each of these quarter notes into two eighth notes, and so on.

这个全音符,很明显,可以再分为两个半音符,每个半音符又可以再细分为两个四分之一音符,每个四分之一音符可以再分为两个八分之一音符,等等

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选