It was first developed in the Roman Empire about two thousand years ago.

VOA: special.2009.09.16

When a slave is freed--and in the Ancient World, in the Roman Empire, most slaves were eventually freed, - unless they just died before long-- they became a freed man.

当一名奴隶被释放。。。在古罗马帝国，几乎所有奴隶最终都会被释放，除非他们很早就去世-,成为脱离奴隶身份的人。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

So Roman slavery and the freedom of that was actually one way that a few people in the Ancient World recognized some kind of social mobility, which was very rare in the Roman Empire.

所以罗马奴隶制以及奴隶释放制,被古代部分人认为是,某种社会阶级流动，在罗马帝国很少见。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

The Holy Roman Empire, as it was known in the time of Machiavelli, was the successor to the ancient Roman state, the older Roman Empire.

神圣罗马帝国，是马奇亚维利那年代的称号，那是古罗马国的继承者，即较古老的罗马帝国。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Christianity began as a persecuted religion that ultimately captured the Roman empire only after centuries of hostility towards the Empire, towards Rome, towards the secular state in general.

基督教最初作为被迫害的宗教,最终征服了整个罗马帝国,而在此之前,它经过了数世纪,对帝王对罗马以及,对整个世俗世界的反抗

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Only in the Roman Empire could slavery actually start being a way that you can move up in society, because you could-- if you were a talented slave, your owner might free you, probably would free you.

只有在罗马帝国，奴隶制可以成为,提高社会地位的手段，因为。。。,如果是一个能干的奴隶，主人可能会释放他，很有可能。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

He established a religion, first a sect, you might say, then a religion, then eventually an empire, the Holy Roman Empire, that was established in the name of that teaching.

他建立了一个宗教，一开始是个宗派，然后是宗教，最后成为一个帝国，神圣罗马帝国，即是按着他,教诲的名义而建立。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

I have to believe that whoever came up with that theory for the first time was aided in coming to it by thinking about the end of the Roman Empire, when something precisely like that did happen.

我想任何人第一次接触该理论,都会自动联想到罗马帝国的衰亡,进而支持该理论,因为类似的事情确实曾经发生过

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

He and his family, the emperor's family, - was, in a sense, the patron for the whole people of the Roman Empire-- - at least for all the Romans-- the paterfamilias of the entire empire.

他及其家庭，帝王的家庭，某种意义上说，就是整个罗马帝国的庇护者-,至少是所有罗马人的-,他成了整个帝国的家长。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

Another characteristic of these years, which scholars refer to as the Dark Ages, just as they do the years after the fall of the Roman Empire-- dark for two reasons. Dark, in the most obvious way, because we don't have any writing, no record of them.

这也是这段时期的另一个特征,学者们称之为,黑暗时代,他们也是这么称呼,罗马帝国陷落后的那段时期的,称黑暗主要有两个原因,黑暗,最明显的理由,是因为我们没有任何关于他们的史料和记录

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选