All right, so that notion of abstraction and we're going to come back to multiple times -- during the term-- and it's not just abstraction, -- it's the idea of a specification.

现在就试试,这就是抽象的概念,我回过来说，我们将要多次提到这个术语。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

You have to pass it as input to another function, as you'll see as possible in problem's Set One specification, but it's ultimately up to you.

你需要把它传给另一个函数当入参，就像你们将,在习题集1中可能看到的，但它最终取决于你。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

What do I need for those writers to all interact together? I need a specification.

这个比方的意义什么呢？,我需要怎么做才能使。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

So one of the things I want you to notice here is that testing and debugging are not the same thing. When we test, we compare an input output pair to a specification.

这里我想大家注意的一件事,就是测试和调试是不同的两件事情,我们测试的时候，我们把输入输出,跟程序的规格说明书对比下。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

Before we do that, or as you do that, let's look at Fib 1. The key thing to notice about Fib 1 is that it has the same specification as Fib.

我们做之前，或者当你在思考的过程中，让我们看看Fib，1，Fib1重要注意的,关键的一点就是,他和Fib的格式描述是一样的。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

And notice, by the way, if I do that, and I type sqrt and open the paren, ah-ha! It shows me what the creator, in this case actually I stole this from John so what Professor Guttag put up as his specification for this piece of code.

它需要什么养的输入和其它我想传达的信息，如果我这么做了，我将会到这里打上sqrt并且加上括号，啊哈！这里告诉我这段程序的创建者,事实上这是我是从约翰那里偷来的,所以也就是Guttag教授在它的。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选