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So just keep in mind when you do see the chlorine in these drugs, it's very different from the acid chloride.
因此只要记住当你在这些药物中发现氯的时候，它不会是酰氯就好了。
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They're derived from a precursor called triacylglyceride, which is as glycerol molecule with three fatty acid chains dangling off of it.
它们来源于一种叫三酰甘油的前体,由甘油分子上连接了,三个脂肪酸链构成
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And they wanted to use a soluble salt of citric acid, so they could have used sodium, they could have used potassium.
而且他们想用一种柠檬酸的可溶性盐，他们本可以用钠，也可以用钾。
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You know, you mix acid and base together and the thing heats up like crazy, right.
你知道，当你把酸和碱混合起来时,这东西会像疯了一样地变热。
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HF And let's take an example, HF, hydrofluoric acid, all right?
这里有个例子，氢氟酸，对吧？
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Fatty acid chains are fat molecules, they behave, if you have a lot of them in solution like oil.
脂肪酸链就是脂肪分子,它们看上去好像,如果你见过富含脂类的溶液,比如油
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And what it's used is to convert one type of group, what's called a carboxylic acid into another type of very reactive intermediate, which is called an acid chloride.
它被用来将一类被称作羧酸的化合物，转化成另外一类活性很高的反应中间体,也就是酰氯。
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They have two fatty acid chains and so these are the oily like parts of the molecule, the molecules that behave like oil.
它们含有两条脂肪酸链,这是部分分子具有油脂的属性,使磷脂分子具有油脂的属性
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So I show that here, so in green, you have what's called a carboxcylic acid group, a c o o h, which gets converted by s o c l 2 to a c double bond o c l or an acid chloride.
我在这里用绿色表示，我们所说的羧酸族化合物，碳，氧，氧，氢，它被亚硫酰氯转化为,一个碳氧双键与碳氯单键组成的酰氯。
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And then linked to the glycerol instead of a third fatty acid chain is a water soluble molecule, like a salt.
但连到甘油上的第三个基团不是脂肪酸链,而是一种水溶性的分子,像盐一样
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She needs to know this enzyme works by both acid base chemistry, and oxidation reduction.
她要知道酶催化，她需要知道这种酶,在酸碱环境下的反应和氧化还原反应。
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Proteins are only susceptible to phosphorylation if they have certain kinds of amino acid sequences.
只有含这些氨基酸的蛋白质,才能够被磷酸化
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One of them has the right sequence of codons to specify the amino acid sequence of the protein, and the other one has a complimentary sequence.
该段带有正确的密码子序列,能够指导氨基酸序列合成蛋白质,另一段则是它的互补序列
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They would naturally hybridize and form a duplex, or a double stranded nucleic acid.
它们会自然杂交并形成双螺旋,或者说双链核酸
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They bring into proximity an amino acid so that instead of forming a new polymer of a nucleic acid, a polymer of an amino acids is formed.
同时它所携带氨基酸相互邻接,从而形成了一个氨基酸聚合物,而非核酸聚合物
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That's because every three base pairs describes an amino acid in a protein.
那是因为每三个碱基对,对应一个蛋白质中的一个氨基酸
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