We have above the line a concept and we have below the line a sound image.

这条线的上面是一个概念,下面是声音所代表的图像。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

In the meantime, what Saussure is doing with this relationship above and below the line is, he is saying that there is an arbitrary relationship between the concept and the sound image.

同时，索绪尔觉得这组关系,也就是线上和线下的这个组合，他说，这是一个任意的组合,在事物和声音形象之间。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So that you take every sodium and you count all of its nearest neighbors, next nearest neighbors, next next nearest neighbors, not only on a line but in the plane and above and below in all three dimensions and go through that calculation, it is even more negative.

你考虑到每一个钠原子,你要考虑到它最近的原子，第二近的原子，第三近的原子，不是在一条线而是在一个面上,以及面上与面下的三维空间,再完成计算，这将会更负。

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So this is the percent error and what you see here is that if the number is below the zero line it means people underestimated the calories, and the bars that go above means people overestimated the calories.

这是百分比误差,你们看,如果数字低于零,这表示人们低估了卡路里,高于零表示人们高估了卡路里

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选