They integrate their DNA into the host genome and you might not want to make that kind of a change in the cell.

而且也许你也并不想让逆转录病毒基因,整合进宿主的基因组

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, it turns out that we could not identify, at least at that point, a cell culture that would serve as a host for vaccinia.

然而我们还不能断定,至少这个时候无法断定,这些被感染的细胞就是牛痘病毒的宿主

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, if you knew a cell that could serve as a host for a virus, you could use this process of cell culture to make large quantities of virus,right?

如果你知道细胞可以变成病毒的宿主,可以用培养细胞的过程,制造大量病毒,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Take a plasmid, cut it open, insert a gene that we want into the plasmid, and then put that plasmid in a host cell, and let the host replicate it.

取一个质粒,把它切开,把目标基因放进去,然后把这个质粒植入到宿主细胞,让宿主来进行复制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They enter the cell after recognizing, they fall apart inside the cell, they reproduce their DNA, or their genetic material using host mechanisms.

在识别细胞后侵入之,它们在细胞内解体,复制自身的DNA,利用宿主的遗传来机制复制自己的DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, when the right signal is received, the right T-cell finds your host cell with a foreign virus in it, the first thing that happens is that this T-cell becomes activated and it starts reproducing, making more copies of itself.

所以 当接收到正确的信号,恰当的T细胞寻觅到,感染外源病毒的细胞时,首先发生的是,T细胞被激活并开始增殖,制造更多自身拷贝

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That DNA gets replicated to make many more copies of the viral DNA using host mechanisms, that is, often using the DNA polymerase which is naturally present in the host cell for its own replication.

病毒DNA进行复制,通常是利用在宿主细胞自身的有关物质,利用宿主细胞中天然存在的,DNA聚合酶来大量复制病毒DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选