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I want to go back to our energy level diagrams and see if I can rationalize energy level diagrams.
让我们往回看，回到我们的能级图表,来看看我是否能使能级图表合理化些。
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So this delta energy here is very simply the energy of the initial state minus the energy of the final state.
很简单的，这个能量差等于,初始能量减去末能量。
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There's a sense of aliveness and energy, and in scientific terms everything is pure energy, so it's not that far-fetched.
有一种生机和能量，用科学的话来说，万物都是纯粹的能量，因此上面说法也不为过。
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What is the energy of the electron, the energy of this electron accelerating from rest and crashing into the anode here?
什么是电子的能量，电子能量由其他部分增大,撞击进入阳极？
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That is, you minimize potential energy and you see things falling under the force of gravity and so forthgoing to potential energy minima in conformance with this result.
换句话说，你使得势能最小化,然后发现我们关注的东西,在重力或者其他力的作用下下落,直到势能最小的地方,这和我们刚才的结果是一致的。
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Instead, we have a certain energy, we have certain geometric constraints, we have a certain energy constraint and these fall out.
然而，我们有确定的能量，我们有某些几何约束，我们有某些能量约束。
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And specifically, when we talk about ionization energy, it's assumed that what we mean is actually the first ionization energy.
特别地，当我们讨论电离能的时候，我们默认,这指的是第一电离能。
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And then the potential energy, the energy is stored here due to the coulombic force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus.
然后说势能,位能其实就是,由电子和原子核之间的库仑引力而形成的能量。
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Our ionization energy is going to be equal to the incident energy coming in, minus the kinetic energy of the electron.
我们的电离能将等于,入射能量，减去电子的动能。
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In this case, it's called the ionization energy, plus whatever kinetic energy we have left over in the electron.
在这种情况下，它就是电离能，剩余部分将转化为,出射电子的动能。
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In the case here, tha t I just illustrated with the little cart going down the valley, would be exactly the same with regular energy, the equilibrium state is one of lowest energy, right.
在现在所考虑的情况下,我刚才所描述的小车沿着山谷下行，结论会像能量判据一样，平衡态是能量最低的态。
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And so that led us to the definitions of other energy quantities, the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.
这就要求我们定义,其他的和能量相似的物理量，亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能。
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Because, when you ask yourself that question, you should consider what is the thermal energy versus the bonding energy?
这是因为，对于这个问题，我们应当考虑到,什么样的热能,对应于键能？
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If the bonding energy is very strongly negative, thermal energy isn't great enough to disrupt those bonds and allow those bonds to be broken and then have fluidity.
如果键能非常强，热能并不足以,打破这些化学键,破坏这些化学键,并使它们液化。
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Right, because when we think of an energy diagram, that lowest spot there is going to have the lowest value of the binding energy or the most negative value of binding.
对因为当我们考虑,一个能量图时那里最低的点,是具有最低的结合能,或者最不活跃的结合能。
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And instead of having the electron giving off energy as a photon, instead now the electron is going to take in energy from light and move up to that higher level.
与电子以光子形式施放能量不同,我们现在要从光中,获得能量到一个更高的能级。
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