So, banks are natural and fractional reserve banking is the natural thing to do.

所以银行的产生是很自然的,而部分准备金制度也是自然产生的

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

What we have--we have a problem that there can be a systemic problem to fractional reserve banking if there is ever a run on the banking system.

我们面临着一个问题,如果出现银行挤兑,部分准备金制度会,导致系统性的问题

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The issuing bank would be driven out of business if it didn't. They all were using fractional reserve banking so if you have a big player that's demanding gold from you you're in trouble.

发行纸币的银行将会被驱逐出银行业,如果它不这么做，它们都采取,部分准备金银行制度，所以如果你有一个对手,一直向你索求金子，你会陷入大麻烦的。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

That's a lot less than the amount of money out there but they always had fractional reserve of banking anyway.

这比流通的金钱少的多,但是他们总是有部分准备金银行制度。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选