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Now the question you'd need to ask yourself is how do you know this didn't happen to you last night?
现在你要问自己的问题是,你怎么知道,昨晚你没发生这样的事？
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Do you know how the museum has collected treasures from all around the world?
你知道这个博物馆是如何从世界各地收集宝藏的吗？
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How do you know something like this doesn't happen every single night, every hour on the hour, ? every minute, every second?
你怎么知道这样的事,每一晚，每个小时，每分每秒都没有发生？
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How do you know that your parents, at least one of your parents satisfies the definition? Well I've reduced the problem from am I a natural born US citizen to is one of my parents a natural born US citizen?
这是一个递归的定义，你怎么知道你的父母,至少其中一个是满足天生的美国公民,这个定义的呢？,我已经把我是一个天生的美国公民这个问题？
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How do you know what foods are in calories?
我们如何知道食物有多少卡呢
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Before, we talked about how do you know what messenger RNA to make, how do you know what RNA to copy from a DNA template?
在之前的课上,我们说到如何判断mRNA的具体序列,如何判断RNA从DNA模板复制了什么
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When they look at the price of a company, how do we know whether the price at which you're buying is reasonable?
当他们看到公司股价的时候,怎么知道买入的价格是合理的呢
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It just needs to know how many bytes of memory do you want?
它需要知道你想分配多少字节的内存？
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I'd be interested to know, gentleman down here, how do you do this?
我很好奇,我想知道,下面这位男士,你是怎么听的
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What I was going to say is that you could, at least theoretically, strike with your spear in a overhand manner or you could strike with it in an underhand manner, the only thing is I don't know how you do that underhand when you're in the middle of a phalanx.
我要说的是,士兵们能够,至少从理论上来说,可以自上而下地刺矛,也可以这样自下而上地刺矛,我不太清楚在方阵中,士兵们怎么能够自下而上地刺矛
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or know how to do the homework, it's just more important having you there,
或者怎么做作业，有家长陪伴在旁边更重要，
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The question becomes how did you address these issues How do you know about them.
这样一来问题就变成了你怎么处理这些问题,以及你对它们了解多少。
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Can you tell me, how do you know how long a meter is?
你能告诉我,你怎么知道一米有多长吗
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Now, you know how to make women do worse on math tests too, like that, and this has a demonstrative effect.
你们也知道怎么让女同学考数学考不好，像这样，这样的作用非常显易而见。
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How do we know that everyone choosing 1 is the Nash Equilibrium in the game where you all chose numbers?
我们怎么知道在那个数字游戏中,选择1就是这个博弈的均衡呢
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Depending on what kind of chemistry you go in to, you might accidentally memorize parts of the table, which is fine, but what you really want to know how to do is know how to use the periodic table.
取决于你今后从事哪个方向的化学研究，你可能会不经意地记住周期表的某一部分，这就够了，但是要注意,你真正需要知道的是如何使用元素周期表。
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These, they are all really smart people, which is why we brought them and we want to leverage the fact that they have a lot of really good ideas and can do a lot of the stuff themselves, but how you make sure that it's conforming to standards, you know.
他们都是聪明人，我们雇佣他们,是看重他们有着绝佳的点子,并且拥有独立开发的能力，但你需要确保,这些点子以及产品都符合标准。
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But if you say, well, I don't know how to do this, I am not going to bother, don't grade the paper.
但是如果你说，好吧，我不知道怎么做这个，我想麻烦，别给试卷评分。
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How do you know, not only that it didn't happen to you last night?
你怎么知道，只是昨晚没有发生？
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How do you know which kind it is?
好，挺好的？
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Well, the only way you know is to do studies-- and we'll talk about how these are done in the next class-- linking dietary behavior, food intake with health.
了解这些的唯一方法是做研究,而在下一节课,我们会谈论具体过程,联系饮食习惯,食物摄入与健康
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Or what - and often it's not going to be just one gene, it's going to be combinations of genes, and how do you predict the fate of the individual based on all of the genes that you know to be involved in progression of a certain disease.
有时候甚至都不仅仅是一个基因的问题,引发疾病的是一些不同基因的组合,并且怎样基于,导致某种特定疾病的所有基因,来预测一个人未来是否会患这种疾病呢
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And the third thing I need to decide is how do I combine? You know, point out to you in the binary search case, combination was trivial. The answer to the final search was just the answer all the way up.
第三个问题是我需要决定如何进行合并？,就你们所知的，在二分查找中所打印出来的,合并的过程是非常简单的,最后查询的结果,就是一路上来所以的结果。
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You'd pull out your pencil and paper, you can do it as a matrix inversion if you know how to do that, or you can just simply do substitution of one equation into another to solve it.
你知道你在小学的时候是怎么做的对吧？,你拿出你的笔和纸,如果你会的话,你可以解一个方程组,或者你可以单纯地。
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PROFESSOR: Great question. So the question is, how do you choose an algorithm, why would I choose to use a pseudo-polynomial algorithm when I don't know how big the solution is likely to be, I think that's one way to think about it.
教授：问得好，所以问题是，你怎样选择算法，为什么当我,不知道解决方案会有多大的时候,我要选伪多项式算法呢，我想这是一种思考问题的方式。
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First of all, situation number one, well, you know how to do that.
首先，情形一，你们知道如何做。
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