Here, the problem is solved by injecting it directly into the cell, shown here, and then that's one issue with gene delivery.

现在,这个问题已经通过,将其直接注入细胞的方法解决了,图上这里,这只解决了基因输送的一个问题

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And the way that India healers did this was by putting pieces of this in your nose, or injecting it under your skin.

印度医疗者的方法是,把这些磨碎的东西放进你的鼻子里,或者注射进皮肤里

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And I've already given you some clues about this, in that this process of vaccination that Jenner had developed was intentionally injecting into healthy patients, a microorganism.

我刚刚已经向你们提示了一些,在詹纳发明的接种过程里,故意把微生物注射到健康病人身上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Basically, injecting it into some test subjects, making sure that they didn't get diseased from it and looking at antibody responses to see if it worked and it did.

他们把疫苗接种到测试对象体内,确定接种者不会感染疾病,同时观察抗体的应答反应,了解疫苗是否有效

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选