The Elder Brother is issuing this theory without any consideration, - obviously, whatsoever of earthly reality and we're shocked by -- I don't know how else to put it.

大哥没有经过任何思考就提出了这个理论，显然，尘世间的任何事实都让我们震惊了-,我不知道怎么去说。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Then they started minting new coins out of gold and the government was issuing coins they called them guineas.

之后，他们开始用金子铸币,并且政府也开始发行硬币,他们叫它几尼。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And we were issuing those.

我们分发了那些。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

who were also issuing notes would leave their would keep a deposit with the Bank of England.

同时也在发行纸币的银行,要向英格兰银行付保证金。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Because the Bank of England could then demand all the it could start accumulating notes from some issuing bank and then demand payment in gold.

因为英格兰银行那时可以,要求所有的，它可以开始从一些纸币发行银行,收集些发行的纸币之后再要求以金子的形式偿还。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

They deal with, principally, state and local governments who are issuing bonds to raise money for their activities, like New Haven, for example, or any other state or local government.

他们主要与,州和当地政府打交道,这些政府机构通过发行债券筹资,例如纽黑文市,或者其他的州,或者其他的当地政府

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Now, they are hoping that the price doesn't fall because they're announcing it with news and,in a sense, issuing the stock dividend is just a way to make it dramatic.

他们希望股价不会下跌,因为他们是带着利好宣布的,换言之,发行股票股利只是想引人注目

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

You have lots of banks; the banks are taking in gold and issuing notes but they are forced by the Bank of England to keep a deposit at the Bank of England.

英国有很多家银行；,它们吸入金子并且发行纸币,但是它们都被英格兰银行强迫,在英格兰银行付保证金。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The problem with private banks issuing notes is that there would periodically be banking crises when the banks failed to pay on their notes and they couldn't pay out the gold that was demanded--that was required.

私有银行发行纸币的问题在于,当它们没法用要求的金子-规定的金子数量,支付它们发行的纸币时,它们将周期性的,陷入银行业危机。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The issuing bank would be driven out of business if it didn't. They all were using fractional reserve banking so if you have a big player that's demanding gold from you you're in trouble.

发行纸币的银行将会被驱逐出银行业,如果它不这么做，它们都采取,部分准备金银行制度，所以如果你有一个对手,一直向你索求金子，你会陷入大麻烦的。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

And all of a sudden he had a crisis Well, I'm not going to get into the depth of it but our banks, because they wanted to make more and more money--and our investment bank, Wall Street--kept issuing different paper against mortgages so it made it simple to give a mortgage.

突然间危机降临在了他的头上,嗯~我不想继续深谈这个问题,但是我们的银行，由于它们想,赚越来越多的钱--还有我们的投行，华尔街--一直都在发行各种各样的抵押贷款票据,那样抵押贷款变得更加容易。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选