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Let's say this is a repurchase of some of your shares at market price, sending the same check, so what's the difference?
就说我们以市价购回你的一些股票,然后寄过去同一张支票,这有区别吗
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So it started to drift and people started to think I think a guinea is worth more than twenty shillings and the market price drifted up to twenty-one shillings.
所以，它的价值开始波动，人们开始考虑,我认为一个几尼的价值多于二十个先令的价格,于是市场价格就上升到二十一先令的价值上去了。
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But that no particular stock is more or less likely to outperform the market, because all the information is incorporated in the price.
但是没有那一种特殊的股票是,最有可能比市场平均表现更好的，因为所有信息都是包含在价格上的。
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This is not a perfectly competitive market, but if it were, that's where price is going to end up.
这个案例的情况不是完全竞争市场,但是如果是,这个就是最终的价格
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Distorting price signals , making it impossible for the market to respond as it otherwise would have .
扭曲价格信息，让市场无法正常反应,无法在正常市场机制下运行。
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For example, in looking at a stock, if you ask people to predict a stock market price they think of some number that they saw before and they are overly influenced by that number.
例如,预测股票时,如果让人们去预测一支股票的价格,人们会想起之前见过的数字,并深受其影响
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The oil futures market is very significant because it represents the price of energy on dates into the future.
石油期货市场对我们来说意义重大,因为它代表,未来的能源价格
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However, then I'll have the whole market, it's as if I'm a monopolist but suddenly I'm pricing above the monopoly price, that can't be right.
但是,占有整个市场,相当于我是个垄断企业,但是我的价格却高于垄断价格,那是不正确的
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That's $1 more than it costs now in the market, so the options are worthless unless the price of the stock goes up.
这样每股就要比市场价多花费一美元,除非股票价格增长了,否则这个期权就是没有价值的
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Well not if you look at the futures market, which is in backwardation now and it's predicting major drops in the price of oil.
如果你看看期货交易市场,现在正处于交割延期的时期,而这正预示了油价将要下跌
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When a stock is first listed in the market, it comes with some price.
当股票在市场中出现的时候，它就会有一个价格。
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Here is the price-earnings ratio for the U.S. stock market from 1881 to the present-- this is also on that spreadsheet that you have on the website.
这是美国股票市场的市盈率,从1881年至今,这份数据也在网站上的电子数据表上
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You can see that the stock market has been more volatile than the earnings and the price of a share is many times higher than the earnings per share.
你可以看到,股票市场波动性大于其收益,每股价格往往是,每股收益的几倍之多
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So there's a panic in the market for securitized mortgages - and the price is often very low or if it's they're very hard to market and hard to sell.
所以，在市场上,证券化按揭贷款引起了恐慌,并且价格通常很低或者说如果它,他们很那出售而且对市场不利。
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So if Pepsi is the low price drink in the market then no Coke is sold at all.
如果在市场上百事可乐的价格较低,可口可乐就卖不出去
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If they're not at the competitive output they could undercut price and take the entire market.
如果他们不按照完全竞争产量生产,就可以通过降低价格来抢占市场
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We had an extraordinarily high price-to-earnings ratio representing a lot of optimism in the '20s for the stock market and then it corrected and went abruptly downward-- that was The Great Depression.
在二十年代,市盈率高得离奇,表现了当时人们对股票市场的乐观,当其得到修正并突然下跌时,大萧条便开始了
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And notice that if Pepsi has priced above the monopoly price, suppose Pepsi has priced this good so high that it's above the monopoly price, then, as the gentleman said, I can capture the whole market by pricing just below Pepsi.
注意如果百事设定的价格高于垄断价格,假设百事把价格定得太高了以至于,高于垄断价格,那么像那位先生说的,我可以用低于百事的价格来占领整个市场
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So here's the other issue, there's a price in this market, we might want to think of as the kind of focal price as an interesting price, and that's the price at which, the price I would choose were I the monopolist.
另外一个问题是,市场中有一个价格,可以理解为一种焦点价格,一个有趣的价格,这个价格是,我作为垄断企业时所选择的价格
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