In Italy, obviously, Milan and Turin were terribly important cities, and Rome, which is just sort of a sleepy, ecclesiastical capital full of tourists and clergy.

在意大利,最重要的城市,显然就是米兰和都灵,还有罗马,这个城市只是一座,充斥着观光者和神职人员的教会都城

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

In the city-states of Venice, which was a major trading city already on the decline, and in Florence, and in Milan, and in Turin, and in places like that you find something very comparable, but Italy is not united until the 1860s.

在威尼斯城邦,这个曾以贸易为主的城市已经走向衰落,而佛罗伦萨,米兰,都灵,类似的这些城市情况都是如此,除了十九世纪六十年代才统一的意大利

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选