And so, from the study of brain damage and the study of— we can gain some understanding of what different parts of the brain do.

通过对脑损伤的研究,我们可以了解到大脑不同区域的功能

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There are exceptions, but the exceptions come about due to some sort of brain damage.

也有些例外,但只是由于某些脑损伤,这些例外才得以出现

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You can take a lot of brain damage and still preserve some mental functioning.

即便是你受到了严重的脑损伤,也依然能够维持一些心理功能

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There are other cases like Phineas Gage, cases where people have had damage to that same part of the brain, parts of the frontal cortex.

还有类似菲尼亚斯，盖奇的其他例子，这个人受到伤害的大脑部位,与他相同，部分大脑皮层。

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To some interesting sense, there's some sort of damage resistance built in to the brain that allows different parts of the brain to take over if some parts are damaged.

从某种程度上来说,这就像是在大脑中建立起了某种损伤防护,如果某些脑组织受到了损伤,那么这种防护可以保证其他脑组织,担负起损伤组织的功能

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A patient who had damage to part of his brain and can only say one word, "Tan," and the person would say, "Tan, tan, tan, tan," and everything else was gone.

一位大脑遭受部分损伤的病人,这位病人只会说一个字,"叹",说起话来这样的,"叹,叹,叹,叹",其他的词全都无法说出

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And what a case like this, where somebody is in a coma, is without consciousness as a result of damage to the brain, is a stark illustration of the physical nature of mental life.

想象一下这样的情况,某人正陷于昏迷之中,由于脑部损伤而失去了意识,这是心理活动的生理属性毫无修饰的图解

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Other disorders that we'll discuss later on include acquired psychopathy, where damage to parts of your brain, particularly related to the frontal lobes, rob you of the ability to tell right from wrong.

稍后我们还将讨论些其他的障碍,包括,后天性精神紊乱,该病症是由于大脑特定区域遭受损伤,特别是额叶部分,会使你失去分辨是非的能力

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The issue of psychopathy, of people who, either due to brain damage or because they are born that way, have no moral understanding, can help us cope with questions of free will and responsibility; of the relationship or difference between mental illness and evil.

比如那些精神病人,不论是因为大脑受损而造成的,还是先天性的,并没有道德观念,可以帮助我们研究自由和责任的问题,或是研究心理疾病与邪恶的关系或区别

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And the logic is if you find somebody-- Crudely, if you find somebody with damage to this part of the brain right here and that person can't recognize faces for instance, there's some reason to believe that this part of the brain is related to face recognition.

这里的逻辑是这样的,比如说,如果你发现某人,大脑的右边这一部分受到了损伤,他无法进行面孔识别,那么就有理由相信,大脑的这部分是与面孔识别有关的

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