So, there's no absolutes about this, this is a general response where all the features can be different with different pathogens.

这其中并没有明确的规律,免疫应答是普遍存在的,但针对不同的病原体的应答规律各不相同

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Generally, you think about the immune system protecting against different classes of pathogens and several classes of pathogens are shown on this table.

大体上,你们会认为免疫系统使,我们免受不同种类病原体的侵害,这个表格里介绍了几类病原体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Its molecules are pieces of molecules often derived from foreign pathogens which stimulate an immune response.

它通常是从激发免疫反应的,外源病原体中分离出的碎片

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The study of immunology is the study of mechanisms that your body uses to protect itself from mainly from foreign pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

免疫学研究身体,采用何种机制来保护自身,免受外源病原体如病毒和细菌的伤害

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We'll learn more about that in a moment, but basically it allows the immune system to distinguish between viral and bacterial pathogens, and respond appropriately depending on the type of pathogen that's there.

我们一会儿会学到不少,但基本上说,这样一来免疫系统,就能够分辨出病毒和细菌病原体,并对相应的病原体类型,产生合适的免疫反应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the beautiful things about antibodies is that one your immune system is able to make antibodies against all the thousands, ten thousand, hundred thousand different pathogens that you'll come into contact with in your lifetime.

抗体的一个绝妙之处就在于,你的免疫系统可以分泌抗体来对抗,成千上万的 甚至数以十万计不同病原体,这些病原体都是你一生中可能会遇到的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选