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Categorical moral reasoning locates morality in certain absolute moral requirements, certain categorical duties and rights, regardless of the consequences.
绝对主义道德推理认为,是否道德取决于特定的绝对道德准则，取决于绝对明确的义务与权利，而不管后果如何。
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But then we went a little further, we considered those other cases and people weren't so sure about consequentialist moral reasoning.
但随着谈论的深入，我们发现在其他情况中,人们不再对后果主义道德推理那么确定了。
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Making use of only our own reasoning, as opposed to whatever answers we might be given by divine revealed authority.
只用你自己的推测，与所有答案截然相反,我们可能被授予神圣的权威。
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So in particular, if everyone else had the same reasoning as you, it's going to be way too high.
就是说如果每个人都像你这么想,33还是太高了
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Again, same kind of reasoning says, given some value x, I happened to pick a small one here, what's an easy way to do this? Well, let's just start at one. That's my variable I'm going to change and check.
好，尤其是，让我们到这里来,让我给大家看看第二个例子,让我把这个注释掉，这是我要解决的，第二个问题，假设我想找到一些整数的,所有除数，我想要找出来这个数的所有的除数。
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Now I could do this pretty easily in just by reasoning through it; right?
我可以轻松地这样做,通过逻辑推理，对不？
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What you get instead is there are separate pre-wired systems for reasoning about the world.
取而代之的是,独立且预置的关于世界的认知系统
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His reasoning here, brief as it is, is worth following.
他的推论如此简便，却值得进一步探讨。
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You know, that's not right, what's wrong with that reasoning?
显然这是错的,那么原因何在
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What was the reasoning behind that?
有什么内在的原因？
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Toward the end of the discussion just now Victoria challenged the premise of this line of reasoning that's libertarian logic.
刚才，就在讨论即将结束之前,维多利亚质疑了,自由主义逻辑推理的前提。
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So what this line of reasoning brings us to is the fundamental principle that underlies the libertarian case for rights.
这些推理把我们带回到,自由主义的权利主张,所隐含的基本原则。
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That even if everyone else had the same reasoning as you, it's still going to be way too high.
因为即使每个人都像你这么想,33还是太高了
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And check the answers, and say yeah that's what we expected. But it also involves reasoning. About why that's an appropriate set of inputs to test it on it.
然后说对，这就是我想要的结果,但是它跟推理也有关系,表现在关于为什么这是一个,测试我们程序的适合的输入集。
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And it becomes a powerful way of reasoning about the code, a powerful way of using the code, so those notions of specs are really important.
以保证你写对代码,这将成为分析代码,使用代码的重要手段,所以规范说明的概念。
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But we're seeing that these are choices, that perhaps, are ruled out by this kind of reasoning.
然而我们发现这些策略,会因为某种推理而被剔除
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Just swap these two values for me and let me move on is the reasoning.
只要帮我把这两个值交换,让我继续往下执行。
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It's pretty clear that there are lots of machines that it doesn't seem natural to ascribe beliefs or desires or goals or reasoning to.
很显然对于很多种机器来说,讨论它们的信仰,欲望,目标或论证,是一件很不自然的事
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And one way people do this is they take a hint from nature and they try to construct massively distributed networks to do aspects of reasoning.
进行研究的方法之一便是,研究者们从自然界获得启示,然后试图建立起广泛分布的网络,来进行不同的推理
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But if we played this game up in let's say the Divinity School, I'm guessing that Travis' answer is reflecting what you guys are reasoning here.
但是我们要是在神学院做此博弈,我猜特拉维斯的回答,反映了你们的理由
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The next phase, concrete operations, from seven to twelve, you can solve the conservation problem, but still you're limited to the extent you're capable of abstract reasoning.
下一阶段,具体运算阶段,七到十二岁,儿童可以解决守恒问题,但儿童的抽象推理能力仍然有限
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And so, maybe it's just a matter of each person having his or her own principles and there's nothing more to be said about it, no way of reasoning.
也许这本就是智者见智，仁者见仁的问题,多说无益，也无从论证。
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Testing and reasoning. Testing, we run our program on some set of inputs.
测试就是，我们输入一些信息，并且运行我们的程序，然后查看答案。
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In an era of computers with quite sophisticated computer programs, it seems, at the very least, natural to talk about beliefs, desires, and reasoning and strategizing.
在一个有着能搭载极端复杂程序的电脑的时代,最起码,谈论信仰,欲望,论证,谋划,是很自然的事
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Hal's got the goal-- in terms of reasoning and desires and so forth and so on-- Hal's got the goal of making sure the mission is successful.
哈尔有一个目标,从理性和欲望等角度来说,哈尔的目标就是确保该任务能成功完成
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