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Everyone is an enforcer or what Locke calls " "the executor"of the state of nature and he means executor literally.
每个人都是执行者，或洛克说的,自然法的“执刑者,这个“执刑者“可以字面上理解。
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Remember, the state of nature is the condition that we decide to leave, and that's what gives rise to consent.
记住，自然状态是我们决定脱离的状态，正是因此，产生了同意这一概念。
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But the state of nature, for him, is rather a kind of thought experiment after the manner of experimental science.
但是对他来说，自然状态，是一种思想的实验,这是在科学实验之后。
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Hobbes wants this sort of dictatorship to keep people from brawling in the state of nature.
他希望建立一个类似独裁的政府,以制止人们在"自然状态"下的争斗
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And you don't have to be too careful or fine about gradations of punishment in the state of nature.
而且在自然状态中，你不必,对实施惩罚的程度太过小心。
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You remember, when he talks about the state of nature, he is not talking about an imaginary place.
你们应该记得，他所谈到的自然状态，并不是某个假想的地方。
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But the enforcement power, the right to punish, everyone can do the punishing in the state of nature.
而说到执行权，惩罚权，自然状态下人人都能实施惩罚权。
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It is fear, not reason, that leads us to abandon the state of nature and sue for peace.
与理性不同，恐惧让我们放弃自然状态,转而去寻求和平。
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Well, in order to answer that question, it helps to remember what the state of nature is like.
为了回答这个问题，回顾一下自然状态会很有帮助。
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This is not to say, again, that the state of nature for Hobbes is one of permanent fighting.
这并不是说，霍布斯的自然状态,是一种永恒斗争。
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So these are the rights we have in the state of nature before there is any government.
这些就是我们在政府产生前,自然状态下拥有的权利。
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And the reason is that even in the state of nature, there is a kind of law.
因为即使处在自然状态下，仍受某种法的约束。
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This is the natural condition, the state of nature, the state of war that Hobbes attributes to, again, the fundamental fact of human nature.
这是自然的状态，霍布斯把战争状态归因于，人类的基本天性。
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And this law of nature constrains what we can do even though we are free, even though we are in the state of nature.
这种自然法制约着我们的行为,即便我们是自由的，即便是在自然状态下。
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Maybe you'll now believe Hobbes if you don't believe me. So the state of nature, it's a state of insecurity, it's a state of conflict.
如果你不相信我的话，你也不一定相信霍布斯,所以自然状态,是一种不安全的状态，是一种矛盾的状态。
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He says there are some inconveniences in the state of nature but what are those inconveniences?
他说自然状态有一些不便之处,什么不便之处呢？
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Hobbes derives the very power of the sovereign from the natural right of each individual to do as they like in the state of nature.
他认为君主的权力源自于,人民原本在自然社会中,能自由行使的个人权力。
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So you are saying that Nicola can go back into the state of nature if she wants to but she can't drive on Mass. Ave.?
你是说,只要妮可拉愿意，她可以回到自然状态,但她从此不能在麻省的路上开车了？
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Well, I think, as the convention, it would be very difficult to leave the government because nobody else is just living in the state of nature.
我认为，按照惯例来说，想要脱离政府会是十分困难的,因为没有其他人生活在自然状态下。
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That would be one way of reading that Hobbes seems to, wants us to think about the state of nature as akin to a scientific experiment.
这就是阅读的一个方面，霍布斯似乎，想让我们思考自然状态,就像思考科学实验一样。
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And the fact that relations in the state of nature it's synonymous with making it a condition of war, of "all against all," in his famous formulation.
自然状态中的关系对他来说,与战争中抗一切人的状态同义，他在著名的构想中如是说。
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The state of nature for Hobbes is a condition of conflict and war.
对霍布斯来说，自然状态是,一种冲突和战争的状态。
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You'd rather be in the state of nature, at least on April 15th.
所以至少在四月十五日，你宁愿处于自然状态。
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You want to withdraw your consent and return to the state of nature.
想收回你的同意，转而回到自然状态。
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So the state of nature is not necessarily a condition of actual fighting, " but what he calls a "known disposition to fight."
所以“自然状态“并不必须是,实际斗争的情况，而是他说的，“已知的斗争倾向“
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Hobbes' members of a state of nature seem to be in a classic prisoner's dilemma problem.
霍布斯自然状态的命题,看起来像一个经典的囚徒困境。
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Where else are we? Today we're going to continue the state of nature, Hobbes' most famous discovery, his most famous metaphor, his most famous concept.
我们今天讲什么呢？今天我们要继续讲,自然状态，即霍布斯最著名的发现，即他最著名的隐喻和概念。
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People in the state of nature may have regular and continual contact with one another.
在自然状态中的人们可能互相,有定期并持续的联系。
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It is only in the state of nature, he tells us, that individuals have the right to determine just and unjust, right and wrong for themselves.
他认为，只有在自然社会中，个人才有权力决定,什么是公正，不公正，什么是对什么是错。
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