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One of my favorite examples is the colony on the south shore of the Bosporus, which is called Chalcedon.
其中一个我很常举的例子就是,在博斯普鲁斯南部海岸的殖民地,叫做卡尔西顿
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The American people, well, America used to be a British colony
美国人，美国曾经是英国的一个殖民地，
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He was called an Oikistes; he is the found of the colony.
他们被叫做Oikistes,也就是建立殖民地的人
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Actually the City of Corinth wouldn't have been taxed because it was a Roman colony, and one of the benefits of being a Roman colony is that you didn't have to pay taxes, or at least the citizens didn't have to pay taxes.
事实上科林斯城以前从不收税,因为它是罗马的殖民地，成为罗马殖民地的一个好处是,不必交税，或者至少公民不用付。
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This is also -I keep thinking how British we are; this is New England and this is the United States, a former British colony.
这也是...,我常想,我们真的很"英国",这里称为新英格兰地区,而美国过去也是英国的殖民地
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So, I use the word colony because that's what we have for all such establishments of the kind we're talking about.
所以我之所以用殖民地这个词,是因为描述这种扩张行为我们只有这个词
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We know that the first colony that the Greeks established was in the Bay of Naples on the island of Ischia.
我们知道希腊建立的第一个殖民地,是在那不勒斯湾的伊斯基亚岛
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Somebody in one of the old Greek cities has to decide that he wants to go out and establish a colony.
在其中一个古希腊的城市中,突然有个人决定要建立一个殖民地
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Okay, so this gives you some idea of the range of possible relationships between colony and mother city.
好了,那么这就使你们,对殖民地与母邦之间的关系,有了一定的了解
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That's the very first place where there is a tradition of a Greek colony having been planted.
就是在那个地方,古希腊人历史上第一次建立了殖民地
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There's no question that there was a Greek colony there and as I say the archaeological remains confirm the general time for this happening.
这是确凿无误的,但是,正如我所说,考古学上仍有某些有待解决的问题
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The question is who gave permission for a colony to go in the mother city.
你问的是,在母邦是谁批准建立殖民地的
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What is more typical, I think, is that he thinks, I would like to take and have found a colony on the southeastern coast of Sicily. Why?
比较常见的是,我觉得,他会说,我想要在西西里的东南海岸,建立一个殖民地,为什么呢
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But here's how it worked--by the way, the word I have been using, colony is not a Greek word and really not appropriate for what the Greeks are up to.
大概是这样的,顺便说下,我说的殖民地,不是古希腊语,而且用于古希腊殖民不太贴切
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They established a colony somewhere in the 750's, and soon afterwards,there is a colony established on the east coast of Sicily at what we call Syracuse now, and a rash of others.
他们大约公元前七百五十年在那儿建立殖民地,紧接着,又在西西里岛的东部建立殖民地,那里我们现在叫做锡拉库扎,还有紧随其后大量其他的殖民地
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Sparta starts at an early point, sends out a colony to southern Italy at some time, probably early, they sent out a colony to an island in the Aegean Sea, Melos, and then they stopped and never sent out another colony.
斯巴达要早一些,某一时期在意大利南部建设过殖民地,也许更早的时候,曾在爱琴海上的岛屿米洛斯殖民,然后他们的殖民活动戛然而止,并从未再开始
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