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We're going to talk about various aspects of food and I'd like to start off with a little pop quiz.
我们将讨论有关食品的方方面面,我将以一个小测验来开始这门课
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and we design a product from start to finish. And this year, the theme is food, so
我们负责一个产品从头到尾的设计。今年的主题是食品，所以
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But packaged foods have labels, and this is made possible because of government action taken some years ago.
但包装食品的食品标签可以告诉我们这些,这得益于几年前的政府措施
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This is nothing that we need to worry in our food supply.
我们一点都不需要担心食品供应的问题。
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Again, you probably didn't come expecting to hear about farming, but farming is where the food starts and we need to understand that world.
同样地,你们可能没听说过农业,农业是食品的起点,我们需要了解这个领域
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There's also a distant psychological relationship with it because we just aren't as concerned as people used to be about where it came from.
心理上的感觉也变得疏远,我们不像以前的人那样,关心食品源自何方
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We'll just take a quick tour through a food label and discuss what this means.
我们只需快速浏览一下食品标签的组成,了解其含义
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So we'll discuss whether the same thing is happening with food and the tobacco industry.
我们会讨论发生在烟草工业的事情,会不会在食品工业上重演
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Portion sizes, and we'll devote a class to this later on, have gone way up and that's a big problem, the amount of processing I mentioned.
食物份量直线上升,这是个问题,我们将专门用一堂课讲这个,即刚才提到的食品加工程度的问题
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We export food but we also export norms, we export economics of food, and a number of things that affect the world, and that comes back to affect us.
我们出口食品的同时还出口标准,我们出口的是食品经济,以及一系列对世界产生影响的东西,它们会反过来影响我们
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One might have to do with where it's from and how it's made so that might tell us a little bit about whether something should be defined as a food.
一个是关于食品源自何处,怎么生产的,这会给我们一些参考,去判断何为食品
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We'll talk about where it comes from, and the biological, economic, and political reasons that drive food to be certain things, and we'll talk about what it does to us and for us.
我们会谈到它的来源,生物学,经济学方面和政治方面的因素,是如何影响食品的,我们还会谈到它对我们的影响和帮助
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When we think about the way food is marketed, we have to ask ourselves how were these messages framed, who's being targeted, what the message is, and of course what the impact is.
当我们想到食品营销的方法时,我们得问自己,这些信息是怎么来的,哪些人是它们的目标群体,这些信息是什么,当然还有它的影响是什么
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So could you use taxes and subsidies, for example, to raise the price of foods that you think people should be eating less of, and lower the price of things you would like people eating more of?
你能通过税收和补助金的方式来解决吗,例如,抬高那些你觉得大家应该少吃,的食品的价格,降低那些你认为我们,应该多吃的食物的价格
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We'll talk about the amount of money that goes into Washington to lobby on behalf of the food industry, and we'll use a few exemplars of that like the National Restaurant Association which is the major trade association, as you might guess, of the restaurant industry.
我们会讲到以食品工业的名义,游说华盛顿政府支付的资金,我们会用一些例子,比如国际酒店联盟这样主要的商业联盟,如你们所想,在饭店行业中
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Well the fact is it could be hundreds of foods in the American food supply, and what's noteworthy about this particular list of ingredients, is that it's fifty-six entries long; fifty-six things in this particular food and we defined it as food.
实际上,答案可以是,几百种美国食品,值得注意的是,这张配料单,居然包含了五十六种配料,这种由五十六种物质构成的东西,而我们还将它定义为食品
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And we're going to talk about food and the psychology of it, the biology, and the politics, and this morning I'd like to run through what I mean by those things and what the course is going to be all about.
我们将讨论食品以及有关食品的心理学,生物学和政治学,今天早上我会讲解,这些都是什么意思,以及这门课将怎么进行
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There's a lot of frying going on at this particular place and this is something that's not typical of ancestral human diets.
在这个国家,有很多油炸食品,这不是我们祖先的日常饮食
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That's a very positive change in the food environment, so we'll talk about those sort of changes.
这是食品环境的一项积极改变,我们将会谈到这一类的改变
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Well our family has taught us, our culture has taught us, but the food industry has taught us too what's food and what's not food.
我们的家人教育我们,我们的文化教育我们,但是食品行业也在诱导我们,哪些能吃哪些不能吃
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Today we're going to talk about food and health and how food links to health.
今天我们将探讨食品和健康,以及食品和健康之间的联系
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And there are a lot of interesting things that the food industry has trained us to believe that experts say may or may not be true.
有趣的是,是那些食品厂家让我们明白,专家说的也是有对有错的
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Not only that, they've taught us what constitutes healthy food and unhealthy food.
不仅如此,它们还告诉了我们,健康食品和不健康食品的构成
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Agriculture subsidies in the European Union affect the politics of subsidies here and that affects the costs of food and what we pay for them at the market.
欧盟对农业的补贴政策影响了,美国的政策,进而影响了食品的价格,而在市场上我们会为此付出代价
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We'll talk later about the politics of food and how the food industrywas very influential in getting the government to allow them to make health claims on cereals.
往后我们将谈到食品政治学,以及食品行业是如何深刻的影响到政府,使其允许它们做关于谷物的"健康宣示"
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Well one is because we export a food environment.
一个是因为,我们出口的是食品环境
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We'll talk about the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which at the same time, is supposed to be helping sell as much food as possible to boost American agriculture, but establishes nutrition policy.
我们会讲美国的农业部,农业部能够在食品销售方面,提供尽可能多的帮助,来繁荣美国农业的同时,制定了营养政策
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We'll talk about the story of food.
我们会谈到有关食品的各种故事
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Our little study hypothesized that foods that you could buy in the United States would be sweeter and have more sugar in it than the same foods that one could buy in other countries.
我们的研究假设,在美国买到的食品,和在其他国家买到的同样食品相比,会更甜,且含糖量更高
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We get a check for the Cheetos as well, but only because we're trained to believe that one tastes good and the other one doesn't, because in different cultures it would be the reverse.
我们还是选奇多作为食品,但选择的原因仅在于,所受的教育,告诉我们它好吃,而蟑螂不好吃,在不同的文化中情况可能是相反的
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