CONCLUSION: the 4 kinds of individual changing trends in pretest-posttest design show the problem of the individual change can't be ignored when we analyze the data of pretest-posttest design.
结论：总结了前后测量设计资料个体生长趋势的4种情况，提示我们在分析前后测量设计资料时个体自然生长问题不容忽视。
Each group was given three tests - a pretest, a posttest, and a test a week after the first two tests.
每个组进行三项测试——前测、后测以及两项测试后紧接一周的测试。
We undertook the pretest and posttest about concepts, methods and functions of community health service marketing.
问卷内容包括对社区卫生服务营销服务的概念、方式、方法、作用的知晓情况。
Results: There were significant differences between the pretest and posttest scales of experimental group.
而对照组的前、后测分值的差异无统计学显著性。
Confidential testing for antibody to HIV should be offered to anyone requesting it, but only in conjunction with pretest and posttest counseling.
应向每一个请求者提供保密的HIV抗体检测，并与检测前后的咨询服务相结合。
Then, it points out the whole procedure and the design of questions in the pretest and posttest.
随后详细描述了整个实验过程及前后测实验题目的设计。
To analyze nutritional knowledge, attitude, practice questionnaires, the scores of knowledge and attitude both closed to total scores and no differences existed between pretest and posttest.
分析知识、态度、行为问卷，受试者在前后测的知识、态度分数皆接近总分，没有差异存在，表示皆较具有正向营养认知。
Prior to the pretest and posttest (after the intervention), all the participants completed the Mental Skill Questionnaire, Self-talk Inventory, Fatigue Overcome Questionnaire.
所有参与者在前测之前、后测之前均完成心理技能问卷、自我谈话问卷、疲劳克服问卷。
Prior to the pretest and posttest (after the intervention), all the participants completed the Mental Skill Questionnaire, Self-talk Inventory, Fatigue Overcome Questionnaire.
所有参与者在前测之前、后测之前均完成心理技能问卷、自我谈话问卷、疲劳克服问卷。
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