In 1925, Yudin published the book "Spinal Anesthesia".
1925年，尤丁发表了他的书《脊髓麻醉》。
Anesthesiologists started spinal anesthesia in the holding area instead of the operating room.
麻醉医生在预备区开始脊髓麻醉，而不是手术室。
General or spinal anesthesia is used, and a catheter remains for up to seven days after the surgery.
这种方法需要整体或者脊髓麻醉，并且在手术后导尿管还需保存7天。
There were no serious side reactions such as total spinal anesthesia and local anesthetic intoxication.
两组均未出现全脊麻及局麻药中毒等严重不良反应。
This operation is usually performed with general anesthesia or occasionally using regional or spinal anesthesia.
外科医生会在缺损处放置医用外科网，然后再用一个小的外科固定钉固定住。手术通常需要全身麻醉，有时也可能采用局部麻醉或脊髓麻醉。
Objective To analyze the change of QT dispersion (QTd) during gynecologic celioscope with spinal anesthesia.
目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉行妇科腹腔镜手术气腹前后Q - T离散度的变化。
This paper reviewed the mechanism for the failure of spinal anesthesia and corresponding prevention and treatment.
本文对脊髓麻醉失败的机制及相应的预防和处理予以综述。
Complications from epidural anesthesia are the same as those for spinal anesthesia, with the exception of headache.
除头痛外，硬膜外麻醉的并发症与脊髓麻醉相同。
Objective To observe the influence of simulated state of swaying naval vessels on spinal anesthesia using 0.75% ropivacaine.
目的观察模拟舰船摇摆状态对0.75%罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞的影响。
There are several complications of spinal anesthesia. Headache is the most common and is seen most frequently in young patients.
脊髓麻醉有几种并发症，其中最常见的是头痛，且最多见于年轻病人。
Objective: To compare the efficiency of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing lower limb surgery.
比较老年患者下肢手术罗哌卡因与布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞效果。
Objective: To explore the dose-response relationship of ropivacaine in the spinal anesthesia of patients undergoing uterine-incision delivery.
目的：探讨新型酰胺类局麻药罗哌卡因用于剖宫产患者腰麻的量效关系。
Objective: to evaluate the effect of unilateral spinal anesthesia during total hip joint replacement in elder patients with cardiovascular abnormality.
目的：评价单侧腰麻在心血管系统异常高龄患者全髋置换术中的效果。
A number of reports have appeared implicating neurotoxicity of local anesthetics as a possible cause of neurologic complications after spinal anesthesia.
由于局麻药潜在神经毒性引起的椎管内麻醉后神经系统并发症的相关报道屡见不鲜。
This technique is most often performed under a general anesthetic but in certain situations may be done under local anesthesia with sedation or spinal anesthesia.
手术通常需要全身麻醉，有时也可能采用局部麻醉+镇静或脊髓麻醉。
Conclusion There is no significant change of motor black time and it is related to drug dose for 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% ropivacaine in continuous spinal anesthesia.
结论：0.5%，0.75%和1%罗哌卡因用于连续蛛网膜下腔运动神经完全阻滞时间无差异，恢复时间与剂量有关。
We recommend that, unless there is a specific contraindication, patients should be offered spinal anesthesia when undergoing operative fixation of an ankle fracture.
我们建议，除非有特殊的禁忌症，病人在进行踝关节骨折内固定时采用脊髓麻醉。
Conclusions Patients who undergo fixation of an ankle fracture under spinal anesthesia seem to experience less pain and have better function in the early postoperative period.
结论：在脊髓麻醉下行踝关节骨折内固定的病人在术后早期具有较好的功能，承受较少的疼痛。
Objective To reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the application of isobaric and hyperbaric local anesthetic in spinal anesthesia so as to provide reference for clinical practice.
目的：比较等比重与重比重局麻药在腰麻中临床应用的优缺点，为低位手术麻醉提供参考。
Spinal or epidural anesthesia, however, has potential disadvantages.
椎管内麻醉存在潜在的缺点。
Objective Observation of spinal-epidural anesthesia in elderly patients with lower extremity surgery.
目的观察腰硬联合麻醉在老年病人下肢手术中的应用。
To make a primary evaluation of the application of combined spinal epidural anesthesia to kidney transplantation.
对联合腰麻硬膜外麻醉在肾移植术中的应用作一个初步评价；
Objective To discuss the advantages of spinal epidural combined anesthesia.
目的探讨腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉的优点。
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.75% ropivacaine versus 0.75% bupivicaine for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia(CSEA) for cesarean section.
目的比较0．75％罗哌卡因与0．75％布比卡因腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产手术的可行性。
Methods: 180 cases of rectal carcinoma radical operations were undertaken under the combined spinal and epidural anesthesia, and the effect was evaluated.
方法：对180例硬腰联合麻醉下直肠癌根治手术的麻醉效果进行评定。
Combined Spinal-epidural anesthesia (CS-EA) has the common characters of spinal and epidural anesthesia.
腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉(CS -EA)吸取了腰麻和硬膜外麻醉共同特点。
Combined Spinal-epidural anesthesia (CS-EA) has the common characters of spinal and epidural anesthesia.
腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉(CS -EA)吸取了腰麻和硬膜外麻醉共同特点。
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