So generalize our Carnot engine results.
让我们推广卡诺热机的结果。
We're building up to entropy and to engines, Carnot cycles, etcetera.
我们要研究，熵，热机，卡洛循环等概念。
So, the engine that I'm going to illustrate is called a Carnot engine.
这个热机，叫做卡诺热机。
And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.
我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。
For any irreversible process, the efficiency is less than that of the Carnot cycle.
任何不可逆过程中，效率是小于的卡诺循环。
One is our Carnot engine as we've seen it, and the other is just any other reversible engine.
一个是我们已经学过的卡诺热机，另一个是任何一个其它可逆热机。
So the first step to doing that is I want to just generalize our results so far for a Carnot cycle.
第一步,首先来推广一下,卡诺循环的结果。
And on this side, we're going to write out an engine, and we're going to say this is a Carnot engine.
在这边，我们画出一个热机，是卡诺热机。
This paper investigates the whole optimum performance of a endoreversible quantum Carnot refrigerator.
研究了内可逆谐振子量子卡诺制冷机的整体最优性能。
This paper studies the irreversible Carnot cycles under the condition of linear and nonlinear heat transfer.
研究了两种线性与非线性传热条件下的不可逆卡诺循环。
While proving Carnot theorem, the irreversible heat engine can only run on forward circulation, but not on the opposite.
在证明卡诺定理时，不可逆热机只能作正向循环，不能令其作逆向循环。
It points out that the relation between optimal heating rate and coefficient of performance of a Carnot heat pump is useless.
指出了卡诺热泵的最佳泵热率与致热系数间的关系是没有实际意义的。
Several kinds of irreversible Carnot heat engine models are reviewed and a new irreversible Carnot heat engine model is proposed.
对几种不可逆卡诺热机模型作了述评，并提出一种新的不可逆卡诺热机模型。
And the cycle it's going to undertake is called a Carnot cycle, and it works the following way: we're going to do pressure volume work.
它的循环过程，叫做卡诺循环，过程如下：，这是个压强体积系统。
Experiments indicated that solid medium can be replaced by liquid one for shoots multiplication and rooting of Begonia President-Carnot.
经试验竹节秋海棠的芽增殖与生根两步培养都已采用免去琼脂的液体培养基静置培养。
The total heat-transfer area is taken, as an objective function to analyse the optimal performance of an irreversible Carnot refrigerator.
本文以总传热面积为目标函数，对不可逆卡诺制冷机进行优化分析。
Numerical calculation indicates that the power output for Brayton reaches higher than 99% of that for Carnot as the factor equals to 1. 5.
数值计算显示，当布雷顿循环的工质热容率为高、 低温侧换热器的热导率总量的1．5倍时，布雷顿循环的功率已为卡诺循环功率的99％以上。
In order to approach the carnot efficiency the processes involved in the heat engine cycle must be reversible and involve no change in entropy.
为了接近卡诺效率，所涉及的过程，在热机循环必须可逆且涉及没有改变熵。
Now, if we go back to our Carnot cycle which is a set of reversible paths, it's useful to compare this to what happens in an irreversible case.
如果回到卡诺循环，它是由一系列可逆过程组成，我们将它，和不可逆过程的情况相比较。
The relation between optimal efficiency and power output of a Carnot heat engine which operates subject to irreversible heat transfer is derived.
本文导出卡诺热机工作于不可逆传热的情况下，最佳效率与输出功率间的关系。
Moreover, many important conclusions relative to endoreversible solar-driven Carnot engines can be deduced directly from the results in this thesis.
此外，内可逆太阳能卡诺热机的一些重要结果都可由本文直接推出。
The ecological optimum performance of a endoreversible quantum Carnot refrigerator is found, and heat transfer law of the refrigerator is discussed.
求出内可逆谐振子量子卡诺制冷机的生态学优化性能，并讨论了制冷机的导热规律。
Moreover, it is pointed out that the results obtained under the condition of perfect regeneration are suitable for a magnetic Carnot refrigeration cycle.
并指出在理想回热条件下的结论也适用于磁卡诺制冷循环。
This means that the carnot cycle is an idealization since no real engine processes are reversible and all real physical processes involve some increase in entropy.
这就是说，卡诺循环是一个理想化的，因为没有真正的发动机过程是可逆的，所有真正的物理过程牵涉到一些熵的增加。
This paper analyzed and optimized the power output, efficiency and ecological criterion of a universal irreversible combined Carnot cycle by using finite-time thermodynamics.
用有限时间热力学的方法分析具有热阻、热漏、内不可逆性的定常流联合卡诺型热机循环。
The relation between the optimal coefficient of performance and the rate of refrigeration of a Carnot refrigerator for an idea or van der Waals gas as a working fluids(?)derived.
导出以理想气体或范德瓦耳斯气体为工质的制冷机最佳制冷系数与制冷率间的关系。
The relation between the optimal coefficient of performance and the rate of refrigeration of a Carnot refrigerator for an idea or van der Waals gas as a working fluids(?)derived.
导出以理想气体或范德瓦耳斯气体为工质的制冷机最佳制冷系数与制冷率间的关系。
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