As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper.
随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。
What kinds of cognitive abilities are we talking about?
我们所说的是哪些类型的认知能力呢？
James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.
杜克大学的詹姆斯·伯克是一项研究的作者之一，该研究回顾了此前有关认知能力下降的研究。
"It's not just an escape," said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto.
多伦多大学认知心理学名誉教授基思·奥特利说：“这不仅仅是一种逃避。”
Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
在这种情况下，直觉是管理者识别熟悉模式的瞬间认知过程。
Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children's long-term social, emotional and cognitive development.
早期童年经历会对儿童在社会、情感和认知方面的长期发展产生很大影响。
There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge rapidly—within weeks or even days.
越来越多的证据表明，饮食导致的认知障碍可能在数周甚至几天内迅速出现。
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions.
苏塞克斯大学认知科学教授、人工智能领域的先驱玛格丽特·博登称赞了此类讨论的进展。
Because corvids have these other cognitive skills, researchers wanted to see if they were also capable of mirror self-recognition.
因为鸦科动物有其他的认知技能，研究人员想看看它们是否也有镜像自我识别的能力。
An in-depth study of differences between human languages contributes to a true understanding of cognitive differences between cultures.
对人类语言差异的深入研究有助于人们真正理解文化之间的认知差异。
Today we are going to talk about a particular cognitive ability some animals seem to have—the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror.
今天我们要讨论的是一些动物似乎具有的一种特殊认知力——在镜子里认出自己的能力。
The results of two recent unrelated studies support the idea that dolphins may share certain cognitive abilities with humans and great apes.
最近两项不相关的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即海豚可能与人类和类人猿具有某些相同的认知能力。
The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.
研究人员推测，手艺活动促进了大脑神经通路的发展，有助于保持认知健康。
It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.
它可以对你的大脑产生深远的影响，提高与语言无关的认知能力，甚至预防老年痴呆。
Even if people can economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive and emotional vitality.
即使在经济条件允许的情况下，人们能够65岁就退休，但超过30年不开发利用自己的潜能对于认知和情感的活跃是有害的。
While many programs designed for preschoolers focus primarily on social and emotional factors, some are geared mainly toward promoting cognitive gains.
虽然许多为学龄前儿童设计的项目主要关注社交和情感因素，但也有一些项目主要为提升认知能力而设置。
The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.
研究人员目前正在分析研究对象的健康状况和生活方式，以了解哪些因素可能会影响与年龄相关的认知变化。
Research on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of our species' key characteristics is tremendous linguistic and cognitive diversity.
对语言中的数词研究不断表明，我们物种的关键特征之一就是庞大的语言多样性和认知多样性。
The topic of the nature of skill—and the differences between beginners and experts—has been one of considerable discussion in cognitive science and philosophy.
技能的本质——以及初学者和专家之间的差异——一直是认知科学和哲学领域的重要讨论话题之一。
If we are to truly understand how much our cognitive lives differ cross-culturally, we must continually explore the depths of our species' linguistic diversity.
如果我们要真正了解在不同文化中我们的认知生活有多大的差异，我们就必须不断探索我们物种语言多样性的深度。
Green space is good for the mind too: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive benefits for children with attention-deficit disorder.
绿色空间对大脑也有好处：环境心理学家的研究表明，绿色空间对注意力缺陷障碍儿童的认知有益。
Consequently, children of a particular age cannot be expected to master educational material without taking into account their current level of cognitive development.
因此，如果不考虑特定年龄段的孩子们目前的认知发展水平，就不能期待他们能够掌握教材。
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员已经证实，当人们动脑筋时，大脑中会发生生化变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用。
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication.
能够参与社交的机器人可以帮助缓解孤独感并发挥认知功能，但机器人本身并不需要直接参与，它可以作为人类交流的中介。
We use education to expand our cognitive abilities.
我们利用教育来扩展认知能力。
So, why might being exposed to green space improve cognitive functioning?
那么，为什么在自然的怀抱中能提升认知能力呢？
Designs are inspired by cognitive science, the arts, even science fiction.
设计灵感是由认知科学、艺术，甚至科幻激发出来的。
Simply put, viewing nature seems to enhance people's cognitive functioning.
简言之，感受大自然貌似可以提高人们的认知能力。
Even cognitive research that eschews brain scans is scoring intriguing results.
就连回避脑部扫描的认知研究也取得了令人瞩目的结果。
Some studies have reported that mental exercise can slow or reverse cognitive decline.
有研究表明，益智练习可以使认知能力的衰退过程减缓甚至逆转。
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