The actuarial formula of pure premium of the whole life insurance is discussed, as discount factor is random.
在贴现因子为随机的条件下，给出终身寿险纯保费的精算公式。
Through the stochastic discount factor model, it is easy to understand some classical problems of modern finance, such as arbitrage pricing theory and risk neutral pricing, etc.
现代金融学的许多经典问题，如套利定价原理以及风险中性定价等都可以用随机折现因子模型理解，随机折现因子模型是资产定价模型的统一框架。
The numerical examples show that, with the application of these global optimization methods, an average-cost problem is the limitation of a discounted problem as the discount factor goes to zero.
数值例子说明，全局优化方法保证了平均准则和折扣准则下的计算结果之间当折扣因子趋近于零时的极限关系成立。
The numerical examples show that, with the application of these global optimization methods, an average-cost problem is the limitation of a discounted problem as the discount factor goes to zero.
数值例子说明，全局优化方法保证了平均准则和折扣准则下的计算结果之间当折扣因子趋近于零时的极限关系成立。
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