Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor," a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.
表面行为是“情绪劳动”的一个典型例子，作家杰西·齐默尔曼在2015年的一篇文章中让人们熟悉了这一概念。
Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed.
数百名女性讲述了她们自己在情绪劳动方面的经历：她们被期望承担的责任，却没有被人们注意到。
Thirdly, emotional exhaustion acts as the mediator between the emotional labor and mental health.
第三，情绪耗竭在情绪劳动与心理健康之间起中介作用。
In fact, Wharton (1993) found that high emotional labor was positively related to job satisfaction.
实际上，霍顿（1993）发现情绪劳动和工作满意度存在着肯定的关系。
The primary criterion for inclusion as a job requiring high emotional labor was frequency of contact with the public.
评断某一工种是否需要情绪劳动的主要标准是其和大众联系的频率。
Empirical studies so far show that emotional labor has both positive and negative effects on employees and organizations.
情绪工作是当前组织行为学研究的热点问题。
As a way to enhance service quality and organizational performance, emotional labor has been given more and more emphasis.
情绪型劳动作为组织提高服务质量和增加组织绩效的手段正在受到越来越多的重视和强调。
Previous theoretical work on emotional labor suggests a negative relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction.
以前的研究工作表明情绪劳动和工作满意度之间存在着消极的关系。
The different dimensions of the emotional labor have different degree' s effect on different dimensions of stress reaction.
情绪劳动各维度对压力反应各维度具有不同程度的预测作用。
Adelmann (1989) found mixed support for Hochschild's alienation hypothesis about the consequences of performing emotional labor.
阿德尔曼的研究对于霍施尔德的关于进行情绪劳动结果的疏远假说分别给出了不同的结论。
Instead. We contend that key dimension of emotional labor that is negative associated with job satisfaction is emotional dissonance.
反而，我们主张在情绪劳动中对工作满意度起消极作用的关键因素是情感不和谐。
Results as for emotional labor, the most frequently adopted strategy by doctors was deep acting and natural acting, followed by surface acting.
结果医生的情绪表现策略依次为深层表现和自然表现以及表面表现。
Under this background, as a way to enhance service quality and organizational performance, emotional labor has been given more and more emphasis.
在此背景下，情绪劳动作为组织提高服务质量和增加绩效的手段正在受到越来越多的重视和关注。
This research has raised its research objectives based on cross-national emotional labor literature reviews and collations of related concepts and theories.
本研究在分析国内外有关情绪劳动研究文献的基础上，整理情绪劳动的相关概念、理论框架，提出本研究的目的。
The emotional labor is an emerging research area of the behavior study, is also an important topic in the business community and the human resource management now.
情绪劳动是组织行为学的新兴研究领域，也是当今企业界和人力资源管理中的重要课题。
In addition, Ashforth and Humphrey(1993) indicated that performing emotional labor may help employees to psychologically distance themselves from unpleasant situations.
另外，阿什福斯和赫胥黎（1993）指出进行情绪劳动可能帮助员工在心理上远离不愉快的情形。
Ashforth and Humphrey(1993)suggested that emotional labor actually may make interactions more predictable and help workers to avoid embarrassing interpersonal problems.
阿什福斯和赫胥黎认为情绪劳动实际上使人们之间的互动更加具有可预测性，而且帮助工人避免尴尬的人际问题。
The bulk of the previous research on emotional labor has focused on the potential negative consequences of emotional labor for the psychological well-being of employees.
大多数以前的情绪劳动研究集中于情绪劳动对员工的心理安宁的潜在消极结果。
In nature, teachers' emotional labor means teachers have to manage their emotional activities in accordance with the professional norms of teaching and the emotional rules.
究其实质，情绪劳动是教师在其专业规范和情绪法则的限制下必须从事的一类情绪管理工作。
This study has used questionnaire which targeted at insurance salesman as research methodology. This research studied the variables of insurance salesman 's emotional labor primarily.
采用文献分析、问卷调查等方法，以保险营销员为研究对象，对保险营销员的情绪劳动及其相关变量进行了初步研究。
Many studies on Emotional labor have been done during the past 20 years in western organizational behavior research fields and Chinese researchers have now become interested in it as well.
情绪劳动是近20年来西方组织行为学研究中一个新兴的研究领域，目前业已引起我国学者的研究兴趣。
The study obtained conclusions as follows: Firstly, deep acting-one dimensionality of the emotional labor has negative relevance with emotional exhaustion and may forecast emotional exhaustion.
本研究的结论主要有以下几个方面：第一，情绪劳动的一个维度——深度行为与情绪耗竭存在显著负相关，并且可以预测情绪耗竭。
Conclusion Prison basic-level male police in emotional labor performance strategy, the natural performance is the most frequently used, followed by deep expression, finally is surface performance.
结论监狱基层男性警察在情绪劳动表现策略中最经常使用的自然表现，其次是深层表现，最后是表面表现。
Compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo.
义务教育法的出现部分是基于下面的假设：孩子们的情感价值使得童工成为了一种禁忌。
But the specific biological connection between a mother's holiday-influenced emotional state and labor is still an open question.
但是对于左右准妈妈们情绪的节日影响与分娩之间的联系还有待研究。
With your partner, develop an "emotional prenuptial agreement" that Outlines how you'll handle children, money, trust issues, and division of labor.
和你的伴侣一起，建议一个“情感婚前协议”，概括出你们将要如何抚养孩子，处理金钱、信任问题、劳动分工。
People can tolerate hunger, poverty, labor, and even imprisonment, however, was the most unbearable emotional pain.
人们可以忍受饥饿、贫穷、劳动、甚至监禁，然而，是最难以忍受的情绪上的痛苦。
People can tolerate hunger, poverty, labor, and even imprisonment, however, was the most unbearable emotional pain.
人们可以忍受饥饿、贫穷、劳动、甚至监禁，然而，是最难以忍受的情绪上的痛苦。
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