A network externality arises when others’ use of a product makes it more valuable to each consumer.
当其他人对某产品的使用将增加该产品对单个消费者的效用，这种产品就被称为具有连带外部效应的产品。
More important, junk food is not itself the source of the externality-the medical costs that arise from obesity.
更重要的是，垃圾食品本身并不是导致外部效应的根源，外部效应是指由于肥胖而导致的医疗成本上涨。
Doing more than that, however, has little justification from externality arguments, and hence is a weak basis for public policy.
然而比这做得更多从外部效应的论点看则缺乏正当性，因此作为公共政策来说就根基薄弱了。
On the positive externality side, I doubt that more distant neighbours enjoy the show as much as you think, not knowing when it is going to start.
就正外部性而言，我怀疑那些不知道焰火表演将何时开始的远邻，是否会如你所想的那样欣赏焰火表演。
The carbon dioxide released 30 years ago by a steel plant in Pittsburgh that no longer exists has created an externality for people living today.
30年前，匹斯堡的一家钢厂，现在已经不存在了，排放的的二氧化碳形成的外部成本，至今仍然影响着人们的生活。
This paper analyzes a two-stage circular model with network externality.
本文分析了存在网络外部性下的两阶段圆周模型。
Finally, the approach on the settlement of regional externality is discussed.
探讨了区域外部性的解决途径。
In this sense, non-performing asset features enormous adverse financial externality.
在这个意义上，不良资产具有巨大的金融负外部性。
Tourism externality would lead to the low efficient collocation of social resources.
旅游业的外部不经济性将导致社会资源的低效配置。
This paper analyzes a two stage horizontal differentiation model with network externality.
分析了存在网络外部性下的一个两阶段水平差异模型。
Based on the Bancosol of Bolivia, the paper analyses the solutions to externality of microfinance.
本文以阳光银行为例，从经济学角度探讨了小额信贷外部性影响的解决途径。
Further more, the first-mover advantage may weaken as the intension of network externality lessens.
而且随着网络外部性强度的减小，这种先动优势将不断减弱。
If the Reading Railroad owned the farm, then it would bear the cost, and there wouldn't be an externality.
如果Reading铁路公司拥有这片农田，那么它将承担这个成本，也就意味着将不再有外部性了。
The current auditing quality problems are the externality of incorrect allocation of auditing authorization.
现行审计质量问题是审计委托权配置失范的外部性表现。
Forest ecological benefits bear obvious externality and its value is unable to realize through price mechanism.
但由于森林环境具有显著的外部性，无法通过正常的价格机制反映森林环境价值。
The construction and utilization of the stadium and gymnasium facilities of games have greater positive externality.
综合性大型体育赛事场馆设施的建设与使用具有较大的正外部性。
The externality theory is a basic theory of explaining economy activities and forest ecological environment problems.
本外部性理论是解释经济活动与森林生态环境问题的基础理论。
When products are incompatible with each other, the existence of network externality enlarges the market competition.
在产品完全不兼容时，网络外部性加剧了市场竞争。
The economics ground for tradable emission permits (TEP) is analyzed with externality, property right and other theories.
从环境外部性理论、产权理论等方面探讨了排污权交易制度的经济学基础。
When products are compatible with each other, the existence of network externality protects the status of incumbent firm.
在产品完全兼容时，网络外部性保护了市场在位者的地位。
In the competitive market, such enterprises can't make externality internality and have low effects in resources' distribution.
这样的企业在完全竞争市场上不能将外部性内在化，配置资源效率低下。
The case of coal industry is used to analyze the origination of excessive competition because of its human resource externality.
以我国煤炭产业为案例，分析了人力资源的外部性是该产业过度竞争的根源。
The network externality and heterogeneity in the demand side have the contrary impacts on the convergence of payment instruments.
需求方的网络外部性和异质性这两个特质对支付工具形态演变的收敛具有相反的作用力量。
First, a brief analysis of China's electronic payment industry, network externality features and patterns of industrial competition.
本文从网络外部性理论角度出发，首先简要分析了我国电子支付产业的网络外部性特征和产业竞争格局。
Western economics takes market externality as an important field of study and regards it as one of the basic phenomena of market defect.
现代西方经济学把外部性作为重要的研究范畴，认为它是市场缺陷的基本表现之一。
The externality theory is one of the most important theories in contemporary economics, particularly in the new institutional economics.
外部性理论是现代经济学，特别是新制度经济学的重要理论之一。
The externality theory is one of the most important theories in contemporary economics, particularly in the new institutional economics.
外部性理论是现代经济学，特别是新制度经济学的重要理论之一。
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