The second section deals with a general formulation of a problem and the approach to achieve strategic competitive advantage.
第二节主要讨论问题的一般表示形式，以及为取得战略竞争优势，解决问题的方法。
The mere formulation of a problem is far more essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skills.
提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更为重要，因为解决一个问题也许只是一个数学上或实验上的技巧问题。
A mixed integer programming formulation for the off-line version of the problem has been proposed.
给出了问题的数学描述，并对其静态问题，构造了一个混合整数规划模型。
On the basis of problem formulation of robot action planning, a new method is proposed for it, through applying the explanation based learning to acquire searching strategies.
本文在对机器人动作规划进行问题描述的基础上，通过应用解释学习来获取搜索策略，为其提出了一种新的方法。
A corresponding complementary energy theorem is also derived in such a form that it clearly demonstrates the duality analogy with the displacement formulation of a plane elasticity problem.
据此，将弯矩函数列式推广到具有加强条的薄板弯曲问题，给出了与平面弹性问题完全对应的余能原理。
The group should submit in Session 24 a short proposal (2 pages) that briefly describes the problem and gives a mathematical formulation of the model.
每个小组在第24节课要提交一个简短的大纲（2页）。简要的描述问题和给出模型的一个数学方程式。
The traditional bi-level model formulation of these problems is transformed into a single-level continuously differentiable problem using a marginal function approach.
并提出了一种基于路段变量的连续可导的边际函数和距离函数，从而把两层规划转化成单层规划问题。
A new mixed variational formulation is presented for the elastic contact problem with application of least-square method.
采用最小二乘法对弹性接触问题提出了一种新的混合变分形式，对该变分问题解的存在唯一性进行了论证。
I have only used the tools appropriate for a clear formulation and solution of the problem at hand, although sometimes there exist mathematically more general results in the literature.
我所做的是仅仅使用这些适合准确表达所面临问题的答案的工具，虽然有时候一些算术的普遍结果见诸文献。
Based on geometrical optics formulation, this paper deals with the problem of Angle of arrival influence of reflected beam by a reflector, and derived the expression of Angle of arrival variance.
本文运用几何光学近似，导出了湍流大气中束状反射回波的到达角起伏表达式。
Only late did the economists discover that the apparent paradox was the outcome of a vicious formulation of the problem involved.
到后来，经济学家们才发现，这个表面上的矛盾是由于把问题讲错了。
The method perfectly resolves the problem of expressing a model content, including the procedure, formulation and parameter.
这为解决模型库系统实现过程中模型内容表达这一难题，提供理论基础及解答。
A formulation to analyse the large displacement problem of a Marine riser with two unequal principal moments of inertia of the cross section in the 3-d space is presented.
本文对截面具有两个不相等主惯性矩的海洋石油立管的三向大位移分析作了理论推导。
A formulation to analyse the large displacement problem of a Marine riser with two unequal principal moments of inertia of the cross section in the 3-d space is presented.
本文对截面具有两个不相等主惯性矩的海洋石油立管的三向大位移分析作了理论推导。
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