A liquid layer forms at the base of the glacier.
在冰川的底部形成了一层液体。
Friction between the glacier and bedrock is reduced.
冰川和基岩之间的摩擦减少了。
It allows the glacier to slide or slip over the bedrock.
它使得冰川在基岩上滑动。
What factors are involved in the amount of deformation a glacier undergoes?
冰川的变形量涉及哪些因素？
Depending on the stresses on the glacier, the ice crystal within it reorganized.
根据冰川上的压力，其中的冰晶会重新组织。
Glacier National Park now has only about 25 glaciers, compared with around 150 a century ago.
冰川国家公园目前只有大约25座冰川，而在一个世纪前约有150座。
On January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled down the side of a mountain in Peru.
1962年1月10日，一块巨大的冰川断裂，从秘鲁的一座山上滚下来。
What happens is that the ice at the base of the glacier is under a great deal of pressure—the pressure coming from the weight of the overlying ice.
实际情况是，冰川底部的冰承受着巨大的压力——这些压力来自于覆盖在上面的冰的重量。
The areas covered by this material were so vast that the ice that deposited it must have been a continental glacier larger than Greenland or Antarctica.
这种物质覆盖的区域十分巨大，因此使其沉积下来的冰一定是比格陵兰岛或南极洲更大的大陆冰川。
The forward movement, the melting at the base of the glacier where it meets the ocean, and waves and tidal action cause blocks of ice to break off and float out to sea.
冰川的向前移动，其底部与海洋接触处的融化，还有波浪和潮汐运动，导致冰块断裂，漂浮到海上。
Basal slip or sliding as it's often called, basically refers to the slipping or sliding of a glacier across bedrock, actually across a thin layer of water on top of the bedrock.
底部滑移，也通常被称为滑动，大致指的是冰川在基岩上的滑动，实际上是在基岩上部的一层薄薄的水上的滑动。
Your textbook includes these as types, as a particular type of glacier movement, but you will see that there are as many textbooks that omit it as a type of movement as include it.
你们的课本中将这些分类，作为一种特殊类型的冰川运动，但是你们会发现，将其作为一种冰川运动类型的教科书和忽略这种类型的教科书同样多。
Now, speeds like that are pretty unusual, hundreds of times faster than the regular movement of glaciers, but you can actually see glacier move during these surges, though it is rare.
现在，这样的速度是很不寻常的，比冰川的正常移动速度快几百倍，但是你可以看到冰川在这些涌动中移动，虽然很少见。
On a glacier-filled island with fjords and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base.
在一座满是冰川、有峡湾和海象的岛屿上，俄罗斯在一座可以俯瞰其研究基地的小山上建造了南极洲的第一座东正教教堂。
The glacier calved a large iceberg.
冰川崩解而产生一个大冰山。
A river or glacier debouches on the plains.
一条河流或冰川流向平原。
The glacier winds through the valley.
这条冰河蜿蜒穿越山谷。
Where glacier once rested, a lake now exists.
在冰川曾占据的地方，现在出现了一个湖泊。
the glacier tongue advances, and its flow speed drops.
冰川生长出冰舌，其流动速度随之下降。
The glacier normally moves 200 to 400 meters in an entire year.
而它每年一般只移动200到400米。
The glacier displays alarming signs of increased melt and flow rate.
该冰川显示了令人担忧的迹象：融速和流速越来越快。
Large crevasses in Kangerdlugssuaq glacier photographed from the air.
空中拍到的康格尔隆萨克冰川巨大的裂缝。
The former glacier tongue formed a new iceberg nearly as large as B-09B.
以前的默兹冰舌形成了一个和B-09B差不多大小的新冰山。
However, temperature fluctuations have caused glacier growth and depletion.
然而，温度的波动引起冰川增长和消融。
Mountains on either side of the glacier cast long shadows to the northwest.
冰川两侧的高山向北方投下长长的阴影。
A large tabular iceberg calved from Helheim glacier on southeast Greenland.
一个巨大的桌状冰山从格陵兰岛东南部的黑尔海姆冰川上脱落。
A large tabular iceberg calved from Helheim glacier on southeast Greenland.
一个巨大的桌状冰山从格陵兰岛东南部的黑尔海姆冰川上脱落。
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