How does the physicalist explain things like that?
物理主义者又如何解释这种事呢？
In contrast to that, we've got the physicalist view.
而物理主义的观点则与之相对。
We don't know how to explain it in physicalist terms.
我们不知道如何从物理主义角度去解释
And there's the physicalist view, according to which there are no souls.
和物质主义论，按照这个的观点是没有灵魂。
So that might tempt you into saying the mind on the physicalist view is just a brain.
这可能会让你觉得心灵，在物理主义那里就是大脑。
So I think it's a very nice attempt to discuss the physicalist alternative to Plato's dualism.
因此我认为这是个好的尝试,讨论与二元论不同的观点。
So we need to revise our account of what it is on the physicalist picture to say that you're dead.
我们应该重新修改一下,物理主义学上对死亡的定义。
There's nothing upsetting or improper about the language of the soul, even on the physicalist point of view.
谈论灵魂并不是什么令人沮丧或不得体的事情，即使是从物理主义的角度来看？
I'm defending, I'm defending the physicalist by saying, "don't blame us. We don't know how to explain it yet."
说我在辩护，当我给物理主义者辩护时我会说，别怪我们，我们还不知道怎么解释呢？
And when I review these various arguments, I come away thinking the better explanation falls with the physicalist.
所以当我考察各种论证时，我不会说最佳解释肯定是，物理主义的。
But not yet seeing how to explain it is not the same thing as seeing that it can't be explained on physicalist terms.
但是不知道，怎么解释并不等于，不能用物理主义解释？
You have said that your view of what there is is physicalist: you think that all reality consists of physical entities;
你说，你关于存在着什么的观点是物理主义的观点，即你认为全部实在是由物理实体组成的；
Is there some feature that the physicalist can't explain and so we need to appeal to something extra-physical to explain it?
是否存在物理主义者不能解释的这种特性，使得我们不得不诉诸于，某些超物理的东西来解释。
When I try to get you to grasp how physicalist think about the mind, I use examples about computers and robots and the like.
当我试图让你们理解，物理学家怎样思考精神，我用了电脑，和机器人的例子。
Mind you, I don't want to deny that there are some things the physicalist has not yet done a very compelling job of explaining.
注意，我并不否认，物理主义者在某些方面，做出的某些解释不充分。
The question we want to turn to, then, is, "Which of these two views should we believe: the dualist position or the physicalist position?"
接下来，我们的问题是，这两种观点，我们到底应该相信哪一种，二元论还是物理主义。
Now, the best possible response would be for the physicalist to say, "Here's how to build a machine that can be conscious in this sense."
物理主义者们现在，能做出的最好的回答就是，从这个意义上去理解，就能造出一台，具有意识的机器。
Now, what I've been arguing is that, logically speaking, even if you are a physicalist, that doesn't rule out the possibility of survival.
我现在要说的就是，逻辑上讲，即便你是物理主义者，也无法排除生存的可能性。
Are there mysteries or puzzles about people that the physicalist just draws a blank, but if we become dualists, we can explain these features?
是否存在某些人类的奥秘或谜团，物理主义对此束手无策，而二元论者，却能解释它们。
We are, as I said, early in the semester when I said I'm a physicalist, I believe that people are just machines, but we're not just any old machine.
我们是，就像我之前说我是物理主义者时，我相信人只是机器，但我们不是旧机器。
Just like there's no danger in talking of the mind from the physicalist perspective there wouldn't be any serious danger in talking about a soul.
如同从物理主义的角度探讨心灵一样，探讨灵魂也不是什么特别危险的事情？
And so, in certain contexts, I'm perfectly comfortable — in my physicalist moods, I am perfectly comfortable — talking about this person's soul.
而且，在某些情况下，依照我这个物理主义者的心情，我感到很惬意，探讨人的灵魂，我也感到很惬意。
I'm not the kind of person who makes it his business to try to explain away those things in physicalist, naturalistic, materialistic, scientific terms.
我不是那种，喜欢用物理主义，自然主义，唯物主义的科学角度，来解释东西的人。
That seems, more or less, the right answer from the physicalist point of view, although as we'll see probably later today, we need to refine it somewhat.
这或多或少，是从物理主义者角度得到的正确答案，纵然我们后面还会看到，这个答案是需要完善的。
Now, I want to take just a couple of minutes and mention some other puzzles, or at least questions, worth thinking about in terms of the physicalist picture.
现在我想要用一点时间，提一下其他的谜团，或是说从物理主义者角度值得思考的问题。
But the complaint then, or the objection to the physicalist, takes the form that we couldn't be a merely physical entity because no merely physical entity could have free will.
但人们对此的诟病，或物理主义的反驳者认为，人不可能仅仅是一个物理实体，因为物理实体不可能有自由意志。
The two views we are going to focus on are, on the one hand, the dualist view--people have souls as well as bodies--and the physicalist view--all we have, all we are, are bodies.
两种我们将关注的观点是，在一方面，二元学说论——人拥有灵魂和身体——唯物主义论——我们所拥有的，我们所即是的，就是身体。
You might say, "Look, the physicalist can't tell us that, because all the physical parts are still there when you've got the corpse, at least if it's a fresh corpse before the decay has set in."
你可能会说，你看，物理主义不会告诉我们那些的，因为尸体所有的，身体器官部分都还存在，至少对于还未腐烂的尸体而言是这样的。
It's important — I think this is the crucial point — that when we say a person is just a body, we don't understand that to mean — the physicalist doesn't mean that as — a person is just any old body.
这很重要——我认为这是一个关键的论点——当我们说一个人就是一个身体时，我们不把它理解为——物理主义者并不意味着——人是任何老的身体。
It's important — I think this is the crucial point — that when we say a person is just a body, we don't understand that to mean — the physicalist doesn't mean that as — a person is just any old body.
这很重要——我认为这是一个关键的论点——当我们说一个人就是一个身体时，我们不把它理解为——物理主义者并不意味着——人是任何老的身体。
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