Starting from the concept of the public bond risk, this paper expounds the reasons of the public bond risk, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures.
从公共债务风险这一概念出发，阐述了公债风险的原因以及应对措施。
The first recorded public bond is dated January 1150 when the municipality raised 400 lire by granting to investors the tax revenue raised from stallholders in the marketplace.
第一个有记录的公共债券起源于1150年的1月，当局以市场中商贩们的税收为抵押，从投资者那里筹集了400里拉。
Sitting on the fastest-rising public debt relative to GDP of any large developed country, Britain is especially vulnerable to a loss of confidence by bond investors.
作为大的发达国家中公债占gdp比例增长最快的国家，英国最担心的就是债券投资者们失去信心。
The "convergence criteria" set out in the treaty called for would-be joiners to meet targets for inflation, bond yields, exchange-rate stability, budget deficits and public debt.
在条约中设立的“一致标准”要求将来的会员国达到通胀，债券收益，汇率稳定，预算赤字和公众债务等标准。
Indeed, economists find it surprisingly hard to demonstrate the clear link between heavy public debt and higher bond yields that would justify fears of crowding out.
实际上，经济学家惊讶地发现，很难清楚地说明沉重的公共债务和高额债券收益率的关系，经济学家有理由担心后者将会被挤出。
The rapid deterioration in the public finances has unnerved bond markets and raised Ireland’s borrowing costs.
公共财政剧烈恶化，使得债券市场颇为不安，爱尔兰借贷也愈发艰难。
Bond yields would rise and increase the likelihood of default by private and public-sector entities.
债券收益率将上升，并提高私人和公共部门实体违约的可能性。
The possibility that gyrations in Greek bond yields could be explained by uncertainty about its public finances is, oddly, ignored.
希腊自身公共财政所存在的不稳定性可以解释希腊国债收益的起伏，但奇怪的是这一可能的解释却被忽略了。
"Permanent collections are the soul of museums," he said. "Repeated viewings of works that are constantly rearranged is their life blood and the basis of their bond with the public."
“永久性藏品是博物馆的灵魂，”他说，“不断重新检察这些艺术品，不断重新安排这些艺术品是他们的天职，是他们对公众的责任。”
The wave of public revulsion at Frances Inglis's life sentence, of which she must serve at least nine years, reflects an instinctive understanding of the fierceness of that bond.
FrancesInglis最终被判无期徒刑，至少入狱9年。公众对此的强烈反感反映了人们对母子情深的本能理解。
A better argument for Italy's robustness is that its public debt is so vast that investors cannot afford to abandon it: Italian treasuries make up the third-biggest bond market in the world.
一个关于意大利经济稳健更有力的论点是说，它的公共债务太多了以至于投资者承担不起抛售它们的费用：意大利国债构成了全球第三大债券市场。
Things went awry when the personal bond between Blair and the British public began to fray.
当他本人与英国民众之间的关系开始出现罅隙时，问题就出现了。
With the world’s biggest sovereign-bond market and trusted institutions, America will be able to carry a higher public-debt burden than Greece.
美国拥有世界上最大的主权债务（国债）市场和可信机构。 因此，跟希腊相比，美国能承受更重的债务负担。
Germany's Banks, which reluctantly agreed to go along with the public testing process, were the only ones not to disclose their sovereign-bond holdings.
因德国银行不同意公开压力测试，德国成为唯一一个没有公布其主权债务持有情况的国家。
The bond markets are especially concerned about Greece and Ireland; but fears are growing even over such big countries as Italy (where public debt stands at over 100% of GDP) and Spain.
债券市场特别关注希腊与爱尔兰，但对像意大利(其国债已超过GDP的100%)和西班牙这样的大国的担心与日俱增。
The social -impact bond is said to have two advantages over traditional outsourcing and public-private-finance programmes.
社会影响债券被认为比传统的外包和公私合资的方案更有优势。
In early 2010, even as the euro's debt crisis was building, Britain's bond yields were on a par with those of Spain, which has a similarly large budget deficit but smaller public debt.
在2010年早些时候，甚至在欧债危机正在形成的时候，英国的债券收益率曾经与西班牙的如出一辙，他们都有着相似的庞大的预算赤字但是少量的的公债。
And, despite a few recent wobbles, the bond markets seem largely unconcerned about Belgium's giant public debt of close to 100% of GDP.
尽管比利时的债券市场最近有些波动，但与比利时接近于GDP100 %的巨额国债似乎没多大关联。
With Italian bond yields surging higher, analysts said Italy is at the brink of being unable to afford to borrow in the public markets.
随着意大利国债收益率大幅飙升，分析人士说，意大利目前处于无法在公开市场上举债的边缘。
Britainis adding to its public-debt burden at a faster rate than most others and bond markets can turn quickly, so it is prudent to shrink the deficit towards the rich-world norm.
英国正在以比其他国家更快的速度增加其公共债务负担，而且债券市场可以转变的很快，所以审慎的做法是对富裕国家缩减财政赤字。
In Beijing, the annual photography quarter will come from domestic and foreign photographers and the public erected between the immeasurable bond.
在北京，每年摄影季期间将在来自国内外的摄影家和公众之间搭建起难以估量的联系纽带。
Greece is close to attempting a multibillion-euro bond issue, in what will be a critical test of the country's market credibility as it battles a spiralling debt crisis and public sector strikes.
希腊可能尝试发行数十亿欧元债券，这对该国的市场可信度将是一个重大考验。希腊目前正在应对日益严重的债务危机和公共部门罢工。
Looking from the backgrounds of public-private partnerships, the relationship between the third person and the agency is the civil contract bond.
从公私合作的背景来看，第三人与行政机关之间是民事合同关系。
The most public of those this year was the break-up of professional relations with his father and manager, Anthony. It also placed well-documented strain on their personal bond.
今年最受公众关注的是他和父亲兼经纪人安东尼解除工作关系，这也充分证明了他们在私人关系上的紧张。
The most public of those this year was the break-up of professional relations with his father and manager, Anthony. It also placed well-documented strain on their personal bond.
今年最受公众关注的是他和父亲兼经纪人安东尼解除工作关系，这也充分证明了他们在私人关系上的紧张。
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