That’s not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.
这不是悖论，是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应。
That's not a paradox, because rising wages have an income as well as a substitution effect.
这不是悖论，是因为工资增长有收入效应还有替代效应。
The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.
利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和。
I wouldn't be surprised if PCs are turning out to be more robust because of a bit of a substitution effect.
如果说因为一些替代效应的作用使个人电脑的性能正在变得更好，我不会感到惊讶。
When the wealth effect is smaller than the substitution effect, the stock price negatively correlated with inflation.
当财富效应小于替代效应时，股价与通货膨胀负相关。
By electronic media industry substitution effect output from the second half of 2010 to the present obvious dropped trend.
受电子媒体替代影响，行业产量从2010年下半年开始就呈现明显的回落趋势。
In addition, the catalytic effect of W5 and substitution effect on the reaction mechanisms and reaction barriers have also been considered.
此外，还研究了不同取代基和催化剂五羰基合钨对反应机理及反应位垒的影响。
However, the latter effect may be negative via the substitution effect as, with a delay, imports may substitute for domestically produced goods.
但是，当由于延误而可能用进口替代国产品的时候，后者影响通过替代效应却可以是消极的。
For small changes in interest rates, says Mr. Jessop, the income effect may dominate, but for large changes the substitution effect may be more important.
Jessop先生说，对于小的利率变化，收入作用占优势，但是大的利率变化下，替代作用则是重要的。
As the price of a commodity rises, overall purchasing power decreases (the income effect) and consumers move toward relatively less expensive goods (the substitution effect).
商品的价格提高，整体的购买力下降(收入效应)，消费者转向购买相对价格低的商品(替代效应)。
However, it is also vital that the infrastructure supports the substitution of one service implementation by another with no effect to the clients of that service.
然而，基础架构支持在不影响服务的客户端的情况下由另一个服务实现替代原有的服务实现也是至关重要的。
To effect the substitution, the tool amends a running kernel image with the new functions' object code and injects a jump at the head of each existing function to call its new counterpart.
为了让替换生效，工具在正在运行的内核映像中添加新的函数对象代码，然后在每个现有函数的开头注入一个跳转，从而调用函数的新实现。
Providing loose-coupling between service requestors and providers, the ESB allows for substitution of one service implementation with another, with no effect to the consumers of that service.
ESB在服务请求者和提供者之间提供松耦合，允许用一个服务实现来替换另一个，而且不会对该服务的消费者造成影响。
Then this paper studied the effect of diffusion coefficient on concentration distribution and the conditions of substitution with numerical dispersion for physical diffusion.
通过将该半解析解与忽略扩散的数值解进行对比分析，讨论了数值弥散代替物理扩散的条件。
Its impact on the employment of Chinese youth is also double in effect: the function of the employment creation and substitution.
对我国青年就业的影响，也有两方面的效应：就业的创造效应和就业的替代效应。
Effect of the substitution of gypsum with limestone on the hydration process and performance of C3S, C3A and Portland cement was explored.
研究了用石灰石替代石膏对单矿物c3s、C3A及硅酸盐水泥水化过程及性能的影响。
The money substitution changes people's demand on money, influences a nation's economy and macro policy effect.
货币替代改变人们对货币的需求，影响一国的经济和宏观政策效果。
The effect of assistance of ultrasonic wave on granule appearance of corn starch and the substitution degree were investigated.
研究了超声辅助作用对淀粉颗粒形貌和产品取代度的影响。
The effect of high substitution on the apparent viscosity was obvious, but PH value is not.
取代度对羟丙基淀粉溶液的表观粘度有较明显的影响；
Various factors relating to the metal carbonyls and to the o atom transfer reagents that effect the rates of CO substitution are discussed.
从金属羰基化合物和氧原子转移试剂两个方面讨论了影响CO取代反应速率的各种因素。
The effect of the substitution of hydrolyzed blood-cell protein and denatured plasma protein for fish meal in the diet of broilers was studied in our experiment.
在肉仔鸡日粮中添加盐酸水解羊血球蛋白和酸变性血浆蛋白，研究对鱼粉的替代效果。
The well-know Tobin effect and pipe effect describe their substitution and complement respectively.
“托宾效应”和“导管效应”分别描述了它们二者之间的替代和互补。
Quaternarization is an important SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction; solvent has remarkable effect on it.
季铵化反应是一类重要的SN2亲核取代反应，溶剂对该反应的影响很显著。
We theoretically show that risky debt changes the incentive to provide the manager with performance-related incentives (a "contract substitution" effect).
公司债务的出现产生了“契约替换”效应，即经理的契约由于风险债务而产生了变化。
In case of necessity for substitution of vessel or alteration of shipping schedule, the Buyers or the shipping agent shall duly advise the Sellers to the same effect.
如买方因故需要变更船只或更改船期时，买方或船舶代理人应及时通知卖方。
Preparation of cement clinker by substitution of rare earth tailing(RET) for clay were investigated. The effect of adding RET on the sintering of cement clinker and it's performance was discussed.
研究了利用稀土尾矿代替粘土配料烧制水泥熟料，探讨了稀土尾矿对水泥熟料煅烧和性能的影响。
As a popular cultural product, its recreational function has been demonstrated by psychological effect such as catharsis, substitution and compensation.
通过宣泄、代入、补偿等心理效应，体现了它作为通俗文化产品应有的娱乐功能。
The experiment reveals that chestnut-bud substitution for broad-leaf tree sawdust can produce a good effect.
结果表明：板栗苞替代阔叶树木屑培养蜜环菌效果良好。
Texture substitution of a single image with shading and perspective effect is discussed in this paper.
从单幅图像出发，研究图像上具有光照效果和透视效果的图像纹理替换问题。
Texture substitution of a single image with shading and perspective effect is discussed in this paper.
从单幅图像出发，研究图像上具有光照效果和透视效果的图像纹理替换问题。
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